Test 1 - Taxonomy Systematics and Phylogeny Flashcards
(35 cards)
What is Taxonomy?
A hierarchical system of grouping and naming organisms based on shared characteristics.
The reconstruction and study of evolutionary relationships
Systematics
What two organizational systems are used in Systematics?
Cladistics and Phylogenetic systematics
What does Taxonomy provide?
A common language to communicate about organisms without the confusion of common names.
What did Aristotle do?
Divided living things into animals, plants, and later, units called genera.
What do we call the positions in the classification system?
Taxonomic level or rank
What are the taxonomic ranks?
Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species (epithet)
What did Carl Woese do in the 1970’s?
Used molecular data to organize life into 3 domains. Based on evolutionary relationships instead of traits.
Specific group of organisms at a taxonomic rank. (single and pl.)
Taxon, taxa
Plural of Phylum and genus
Phyla and genera
Kingdom Animalia is an example of what type of naming system?
Binomial nomenclature
What is the correct way to write binomial nomenclature?
Capital letter on the first name, lowercase on the next. All italicized or underlined.
Prokaryotic kingdoms
Kingdom bacteria and Kingdom Archaebacteria
Eukaryotic kingdoms
Kingdom Plantae, Fungi, Animalia and Protists
Used to be classified as a kingdom. What is it and what are they actually?
- Protists
- Supergroup of Eukaryotes
These are not considered living organisms
Viruses
Provides information about evolutionary relationships
Domains
Types of Domains
- Domain Archaea
- Domain Bacteria
- Domain Eukarya
Traits that evolve within a group
Derived characteristics
Traits evolved before the group
Ancestral characteristics
4 types of phenotypes
Morphology, physiology, behavior and DNA
Species closely related to, but not a member of the group of study.
Outgroup
What represents relationships better than phenotypes
DNA
How are relationship diagramed?
With a phylogenetic tree or cladogram