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Speech Sound Disorders > Test 1 vocab > Flashcards

Test 1 vocab Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

Allophones

A

Variant of phoneme in a particular language; often very similar to one another (aspirated/unaspirated p)

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2
Q

Alveolar:

A

Consonant produced at the alveolar ridge behind upper teeth (i.e. /l/)

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3
Q

Amplification

A

process used to increase the intensity of sound

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4
Q

Apraxia

A

motor difficulty particularly involving consonant sequence →suspected childhood apraxia of speech

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5
Q

Articulation

A

Movements of the speech production mechanism to produce speech sounds

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6
Q

Coarticulation:

A

The related overlapping articulatory influences that occur as sounds are produced

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7
Q

Assimilation

A

A sound change in which one sound is influenced by another and changes to become identical to it

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8
Q

Cognates

A

Consonant sounds that differ from each other only by voicing; place and manner of articulation are the same

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9
Q

Consonants

A

A sound that is produced by a partially or completely constricted vocal cord

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10
Q

Dental

A

A consonant sound produced with contact of the tongue and teeth

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11
Q

Diacritics

A

Special marks used with the symbols of the IPA to add more details to phonetic transcriptions

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12
Q

Dialect

A

A variety of a language spoken by a group

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13
Q

Diphthongs

A

2 vowels produced consecutively in the same syllable by moving the articulators smoothly from one position to the other so that together they serve as the nucleus of the syllables

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14
Q

Distinctive Features/Binary:

A

A universal set of phonetic characteristics that differentiate speech sounds. Each phoneme differs from all others by at least one distinctive feature

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15
Q

Distortions

A

Deviation in production that is non phonemic i.e. lisp

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16
Q

Graphemes

A

Written or printed letters that may or may not correspond to phonemes

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17
Q

Digraphs

A

2 letters yielding one sound i.e. sh

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18
Q

Idiolect

A

Speech that is characteristic of a single individual

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19
Q

Intelligibility

A

The degree to which others can understand a person’s speech

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20
Q

IPA

A

International Phonetic Alphabet→symbols that have been assigned for each phoneme across all the world’s language

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21
Q

Labial

A

Sound produced with the lips (bilabial & labiodental), one of the articulator nodes in geometry

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22
Q

Lisp

A

frontal, interdental, lateral; occur within mild and moderate severities distortions

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23
Q

Metaphonology/ Phonological Awareness

A

reflecting on and understanding aspects of phonetics/phonology independent of meaning→ important for literacy acquisition in English

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24
Q

Minimal Pairs

A

Words that differ by one phoneme i.e. bit & hit

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25
Morpheme:
Minimal meaningful linguistic unit, may involve more than one phoneme
26
Nucleus [of syllable]:
The loudest part of a syllable, usually a vowel, although sometimes a syllabic consonant
27
Obstruents:
Consonant made with the vocal tract airflow partially or totally impeded (stops, fricatives & affricates)
28
Orthography
The writing and spelling system of a language
29
Phone
A single speech sound produced by a speaker, may not be meaningful
30
Phoneme
One of a group of similar speech sounds that are perceived within the same language as being the same; differentiate meaning in a language i.e. know that cat →/k/ /æ/ /t/
31
Phonetic/Phonemic Repertoire
All of the speech sounds that an individual produces
32
Phonetics—Acoustic & Physiological
The scientific study of speech sounds, their form, substance, and perception, and the application of this study to an understanding and improvement of linguistic expression
33
Phonology
Sound system of a language and the study of sound system
34
Phonological Patterns/Deviations
Accepted grouping of sounds within an oral language (i.e. consonant clusters, strident); what a child needs to produce to be understood
35
Phonotactics:
Rules of a language specifying where sounds can occur (in words or syllables) and how sounds can be combined in that language
36
Place of Articulation
The major point of contact or near contact of the active and passive articulators when producing a speech sound
37
Prelinguistic
Vocalizations prior to the first true words
38
Linguistic
The period of language use that occurs once true words are spoken
39
Protowords
Consistent sounds patterns produced by young children that are semantically similar but may not be modeled after adult words, child’s first meaningful vocal production
40
Prosody/Suprasegmentals
Aspects such as stress and tone that extend over more than one segment
41
Sibilants
Consonants that are produced with mid-to-high frequency turbulence
42
Stridents
Fricatives and affricates characterized by considerable turbulence caused by forceful airflow striking the back of the teeth, includes sibilants /f/ and /v/
43
Sonorants
Sounds produced with relatively unobstructed vocal tract →vowels, diphthongs, nasals, liquids and glides
44
Speech Perception
Identification of the vowels and consonants of a language, largely from auditory cues.
45
Stimulability
The ability of a child to produce sound (not pronounced spontaneously) following a model and, if necessary with additional assists i.e. tactile cues, amplifications
46
Stimulable
Sound that can be produced after cuing i.e. imitating a model
47
Stimulate/Stimulation
To provide assist to help an individual learn to produce a sound/pattern
48
Successive Approximations
Gradual progressions in productions toward the desired target
49
Syllable
Smallest unit of speech production, requires vowel, diphthong or syllabic consonant
50
Syllabic Consonants
Consonant that serves as syllable nuclei (/m/,/n/, /l/ without a vowel n the syllable)
51
Tactile Cues
Touch cues to stimulate appropriate placement or manner production i.e. touch tongue
52
Transcription
Broad/Phonemic: virgule; A pair of backslash marks (//) used to denote distinctive speech sound Narrow/Phonetic: Brackets
53
Velopharyngeal Port
Those structure (soft palate, uvula, and pharyngeal wall) that open and close the connection between the oral and nasal cavities.
54
Vocables
Vocalizations that have some phonetic consistency but do not have stable sound or meaning
55
Vocalizations
Infants early vocalizations (prelinguistic) that do not appear to be based on the adult language or to be used in a meaningful way
56
Voiced
A type of sound produced with vibration of the adducted vocal fold in the larynx
57
Voiceless
Sound produced without vibration of the adducted vocal folds
58
Vowels
Speech sounds produced with unobstructed vocal tract
59
“Matthew Effects”
Stanovich compared achievement levels of children who are poor beginning readers with their peers who have good decoding skills and noted that the gap widens over time -rich gets richer and the poor poorer
60
Severity Continuum
distortions at all levels, but mostly in mild/moderate assimilation common in severe/profound
61
Distortion
* Mild→ omissions rare, substitution few | * Moderate → omission some, substitution some
62
Assimilation
* Severe→omission many substitution extensive | * Profound→omission extensive, substation many

Speech Sound Disorders (7 decks)

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