test 1 vocab

Question 1

adversarial relationship:

Answer 1

A relationship in which two parties contend with or oppose each other. In the United States, the media are expected to have an adversarial relationship with the government so that they can serve a watchdog role.adversarial relationship: A relationship in which two parties contend with or oppose each other. In the United States, the media are expected to have an adversarial relationship with the government so that they can serve a watchdog role.

Question 2

antitrust laws:

Answer 2

Laws that prohibit monopolistic practices in restraint of trade.

Question 3

censorship:

Answer 3

Action that prohibits an act of expression from being made public.

Question 4

communication:

Answer 4

The process of human beings sharing messages

Question 5

conglomerates:

Answer 5

Large companies that own many different types of businesses.

Question 6

convergence:

Answer 6

Combining computer, telephone, and mass media technologies.

Question 7

feedback:

Answer 7

:Messages that return from the receiver of a message to the source of that message.

Question 8

economies of scale:

Answer 8

Savings that accrue with mass production.

Question 9

cultural imperialism:

Answer 9

The displacement of a nation’s customs with those of another country.

Question 10

cross merchandizing:

Answer 10

Promoting a product in one form to sell it in some other form.

Question 11

First Amendment:

Answer 11

Part of the Bill of Rights that guarantees freedom of speech.

Question 12

vertical integration:

Answer 12

Ownership of various stages of production and distribution of a product.

Question 13

synergy:

Answer 13

Combination of forces that results in a whole that is more than the sum of its parts.

Question 14

prior restraint:

Answer 14

Prevention of publication by government.

Question 15

medium:

Answer 15

An interposed device used to transmit messages.

Question 16

mediated interpersonal communication:

Answer 16

The sharing of personal messages through an interposed device.

Question 17

mediated communication:

Answer 17

Messages conveyed through an interposed device rather than face-to-face.

Question 18

media literacy

Answer 18

The ability to understand and make productive use of the media.

Question 19

media criticism:

Answer 19

The analysis used to assess the effects of media on individuals, on societies and on cultures.

Question 20

Fourth Estate:

Answer 20

The press as an unofficial fourth branch of government.

Question 21

media:

Answer 21

Plural of medium.

Question 22

mass communication:

Answer 22

Mediated messages transmitted to large, widespread audiences.

Question 23

inverted pyramid style:

Answer 23

Places the most important information at the beginning of the story.

Question 24

horizontal integration:

Answer 24

Corporate growth through the acquisition of different types of businesses.

Question 25

group ownership:

Answer 25

The acquisition of the same type of business in more than one market area by one company.

Question 26

gatekeepers:

Answer 26

Those who determine what messages will be delivered to media consumers.

Question 27

agenda-setting theory:

Answer 27

Theory that predicts that the amount of attention given to an issue in the media affects the level of importance assigned to it by the public.

Question 28

applied research:

Answer 28

Media investigations devoted to practical and commercial purposes.

Question 29

bullet theory:

Answer 29

Implies that media effects flow directly from the media to an individual.

Question 30

catharsis theory:

Answer 30

The idea that viewing violence actually reduces violent behavior.

Question 31

content analysis:

Answer 31

Systematically observing and measuring media subject matter.

Question 32

correlation:

Answer 32

Two related things that occur at the same time.

Question 33

cultivation theory:

Answer 33

Theory that says the media shape how people view the world.

Question 34

cultural studies:

Answer 34

Studies based on observations of, and thinking about, both media and society.

Question 35

cumulative-effects theory:

Answer 35

Theory that says the media have profound effects over time through redundancy.

Question 36

desensitization:

Answer 36

A process by which audience members become insensitive to real acts of violence.

Question 37

diffusion of innovations theory:

Answer 37

Theory that says different types of people will adopt new ideas at different times.

Question 38

flow theories:

Answer 38

Explanations of the way effects travel from the mass media to their audiences.

Question 39

gender studies:

Answer 39

Studies that look at how the media deal with male and female roles.

Question 40

individual differences theory:

Answer 40

Theory that predicts that people with different characteristics will be affected in different ways by the mass media.

Question 41

laboratory experiment:

Answer 41

Scientific method of isolating and observing variables in a controlled environment.

Question 42

media ecology:

Answer 42

A school of thought that suggests that media make up an environment for humans.

Question 43

minimal-effects model:

Answer 43

Model that predicts that media will have little influence on behavior.

Question 44

mixed-effects model:

Answer 44

Model that predicts that media can have a combination of influences.

Question 45

modeling:

Answer 45

The imitation of behavior from media.

Question 46

multistep flow:

Answer 46

A complex interaction of media effects.

Question 47

opinion leaders:

Answer 47

Well-informed people who help others interpret media messages.

Question 48

political/economic analysis:

Answer 48

Theory that predicts that a culture’s exchange system will influence its values.

Question 49

powerful-effects model:

Answer 49

Model that predicts that media will have swift and potent influence.

Question 50

propaganda:

Answer 50

Information that is spread for the purpose of promoting a doctrine or cause.

Question 51

random sampling:

Answer 51

Method that ensures that every member of the population being studied has an equal chance of being chosen.

Question 52

selective exposure:

Answer 52

Process by which people seek out messages that are consistent with their attitudes.

Question 53

selective perception:

Answer 53

Process by which people with different attitudes interpret the same messages differently.

Question 54

selective retention:

Answer 54

Process by which people with different views remember the same event differently.

Question 55

social learning theory:

Answer 55

Theory that says people learn by observing others.

Question 56

socialization:

Answer 56

Learning the expectations, norms, and values of society.

Question 57

survey method:

Answer 57

Research method that relies on questionnaires to collect research data.

Question 58

theory:

Answer 58

A set of related statements that seek to explain and predict behavior.

Question 59

third person effect:

Answer 59

The belief that media affects other people more than oneself.

Question 60

two-step flow:

Answer 60

Theory that implies that media effects travel through opinion leaders.

Question 61

uses and gratifications theory:

Answer 61

Theory that looks at the ways media consumers choose media to meet their needs.

Question 62

acquisition editors:

Answer 62

Those who obtain the books to be published.

Question 63

illiterates:

Answer 63

Those who can’t read.

Question 64

aliterates:

Answer 64

Those who are able to read but do not.

Question 65

audiobook:

Answer 65

Books recorded on tape or some other medium, for listening

Question 66

bibliophiles:

Answer 66

Book lovers; heavy readers.

Question 67

blockbuster

Answer 67

Any type of huge events, especially in terms of media products.

Question 68

blurb:

Answer 68

Brief, laudatory comments sometimes placed on the cover of a book.

Question 69

casual readers:

Answer 69

Those who enjoy reading but only find the time to read a few books a year.

Question 70

chapbook:

Answer 70

Inexpensive early form of paperback containing mostly stories to be read for pleasure.

Question 71

codex:

Answer 71

The first book to resemble today’s familiar form.

Question 72

copy editor:

Answer 72

One who provides last-minute polishing and prepares a manuscript for typesetting.

Question 73

developmental editor:

Answer 73

One who works directly with the author during the writing of a book.

Question 74

dime novels:

Answer 74

Inexpensive fiction, popular in the 1860s, which sold for ten cents.

Question 75

genre:

Answer 75

Type of story, such as romance or mystery

Question 76

e-book:

Answer 76

The hardware and software of volumes that exist as digital computer files.

Question 77

independent bookstores:

Answer 77

Those that are not owned by a chain.

Question 78

megastores:

Answer 78

Large bookstores that feature around 100,000 book titles, coffee bars, and various activities.

Question 79

vanity press:

Answer 79

A publisher that requires its authors to pay the full cost of producing their own books.

Question 80

university press:

Answer 80

A publisher that is affiliated with a college and that publishes mostly academic books, especially original research.

Question 81

trade paperback:

Answer 81

A quality paperback book with a larger trim size than the standard mass market paperback.

Question 82

trade book:

Answer 82

General-interest fiction and nonfiction sold to the general public.

Question 83

technological determinism:

Answer 83

Theory that states that the introduction of new technology changes society, sometimes in unexpected ways.

Question 84

small press:

Answer 84

Small publishers of serious books, especially poetry and avant-garde fiction.

Question 85

royalties:

Answer 85

The author’s or owner’s share of the net amount of a work’s revenues.

Question 86

required readers:

Answer 86

Those who only read what they have to for their job or studies.

Question 87

rag content:

Answer 87

Proportion of cotton or linen fiber in high-quality paper.

Question 88

pulp novels:

Answer 88

Paperback books made with cheap paper.

Question 89

public domain:

Answer 89

Classification of works on which the copyright has expired.

Question 90

parchment:

Answer 90

Early form of paper made from animal skins.

Question 91

papyrus:

Answer 91

A type of reed used to make an early form of paper

Question 92

oral culture:

Answer 92

A culture in which information is transmitted more by speech than by writing.

Question 93

online publisher:

Answer 93

One that provides “supported self-publishing” through a website.

Question 94

on spec: On speculation;

Answer 94

in the publishing industry, finishing a work without a contract guaranteeing that it will be bought

Question 95

midlist authors:

Answer 95

Those who don’t make it to the best-seller lists but still have respectable sales