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ch 201 > Test 1 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Test 1 Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Sumerians

A

earliest urban societies to emerge in the world, live in Fertile Crescent, connected to Gilgamesh, Temple centered

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2
Q

Hera

A

queen of greek gods, sister and wife of Zeus, mother goddess, conflict with Zeus, Achaian side

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3
Q

Cuneiform

A

earliest known system of writing, wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets, blunt reed for a stylus, created by sumerians

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4
Q

Uruk

A

one of the most important cities in ancient Mesopotamia, Gilgamesh was king of Uruk, development of civilization occurred there, origin of writing

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5
Q

Ishtar

A

assyrian and babylonian goddess of fertility, love, war, and sex; she wants Gilgamesh but he turns her down with cruel words, sends down bull of heaven, leads to enkidu getting death penalty from gods

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6
Q

Ea

A

trickster god that warned Utnapishtim about the oncoming storm to kill humanity, talked to a wall of reeds about dimension of boat, know thing that Utnapishtim was on the other side, sticks up for Utnapishtim after flood when Enlil is enraged

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7
Q

Enlil

A

king of gods, put Humbaba in the cedar forest to protect it, says enkidu should die and not gilgamesh, big voice on destroying humanity with flood

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8
Q

Shamash

A

sun god, helps out gilgamesh, helps gilgamesh and enkidu defeat hummable by sending 13 winds, tell enkidu not to curse the harlot on his deathbed because he met gilgamesh that way

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9
Q

polytheism

A

belief or worship of more than one god, each god serves different purpose

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10
Q

Utnapishtim

A

tasked by Ea to create giant ship to survive flood, stayed on ship for seven days before releasing a dove that flew back to the ship, then the sparrow he sent came back next day, finally raven didn’t come back next day and he knew water had receded, he was given eternal life

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11
Q

Bull of heaven

A

Ishtar asks father Anu to send it down to avenge her after what happened with gilgamesh, causes widespread devastation, Enkidu and gilgamesh slay it without devine help

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12
Q

Ur of the Chaldeans

A

abraham said to have been born from Ur of charades, god called abraham a chaldean, out of the Ur of the Chaldeans so that abraham would follow god to the land that god had promised to him and his descendants

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13
Q

Rebekah

A

wife of isaac, mother of jacob and esau, abraham sent servant to a spring to pray to god and rebekah was first to give him and camels water, rebekah to jacob to pretend to be esau so he would receive blessing from isaac

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14
Q

Rachel

A

daughter of laban, younger sister of leah, jacob worked seven years for her but was given leah instead, unable to conceive for a long time, then blessed with josh and later benjamin

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15
Q

benjamin

A

last of jacob’s 13 children, born from Rachel, remained with jacob when brothers plotted against Joseph, Joseph keeps him with him when brothers go back jacob from egypt

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16
Q

laban

A

father of rachel and leah, tricks jacob into marrying leah first, brother of rebekah

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17
Q

canaanites

A

people who had been annihilated, region which as described in the bible roughly corresponds to the levant, dwelling by the sea and along by the side of the jordan, esau was married to two canaanites, descendants of Cain

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18
Q

david

A

second king of united kingdom of isreal and judah, considered a prophet in islam, ancestor of jesus

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19
Q

solomon

A

third king of is real, son of david, builder of the first temple in jerusalem, one of 48 prophets

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20
Q

Potiphar’s wife

A

tried to seduce joseph, spoke to joseph day after day with no success, grabbed his cloak and he ran but she said that he was trying to sleep with her, she screamed and then he ran and left the cloak behind, joseph was put in prison

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21
Q

Esau

A

older son of isaac, man of the field and became a hunter, giving him rougher qualities, furious after jacob tricks isaac and he vows to kill jacob

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22
Q

Jacob

A

favored by rebekah, simple man dwelling in tents, pretends to be esau to get birthright from isaac, ordered to flee to haran where laban lived

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23
Q

Tower of Babel

A

explains origin of the different languages, a tower who’s top is the heavens, god came down to confuse their languages and scatter them around the earth and they stopped building the city, that’s why it’s named babel

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24
Q

torah

A

jewish written law, consists of five books of the hebrew bible, the old testament, given by god to moses on top of mount sinai and include the biblical laws of judaism

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25
Q

rainbow

A

sign of a covenant between god and the earth, comes about when god brings a cloud over the earth, glory of the lord

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26
Q

henotheism

A

belief and worship of single god, accepting existence or possible existence of other deities that may also be worshipped

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27
Q

circumcision

A

god told abraham that the covenant between god and man would be that every man be circumcised, every male who is 8 days old must be circumcised, any uncircumcised male is will be cut off from their people

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28
Q

moses

A

hidden by his mother when he was born because pharaoh ordered all newborn hebrew babies to be killed, found adopted by pharaoh’s sister, fled to midian, god sent him back to egypt to free isrealites, given powers to convince pharaoh that god was with him

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29
Q

aaron

A

older brother of moses, aaron was his brother’s spokesperson to the pharaoh, first high priest of the isrealites

30
Q

passover

A

commemorates emancipation of isrealites from slavery in ancient egypt, freedom as a nation under the rule of moses, commences of 15th of hebrew month of nisan and lasts for either seven or eight days

31
Q

helen

A

daughter of zeus and leda, considered most beautiful woman in the world, wife of king menelaus, abducted by paris (prince of troy) to start trojan war

32
Q

eris

A

goddess of chaos, strife, and discord, not invited to wedding of peleus and thetis, threw golden apple to the goddess titled “to the fairest”, led to trojan war

33
Q

time

A

honor as demonstrated by prizes won in war

34
Q

polis

A

all of the people who followed agamemnon to war, extended households in the same neighborhoods that unite together under the leadership of a king, a society, greek for “city-state”

35
Q

delphi

A

was known as pytho, shrine to earth mother “gaia”, later shared with poseidon, apollo was the patron of delphi

36
Q

dike

A

gradual shift in meaning from ‘custom, behavior’ to ‘right, justice’

37
Q

thetis

A

didn’t invite eris to her wedding to peseus, mother of achilles, sea nymph, asks hephaestus to make achilles new armor

38
Q

zeus

A

god of bright sky, supreme deity, thunderbolt, eagles, limited authority, mates with earth goddesses,

39
Q

athena

A

pre-greek goddess, goddess of strategic war, born fully armed from head of zeus, wields lightning bolt and aegis

40
Q

poseidon

A

god of sea and fresh water, earth shaker, horse god, nemesis of odysseus

41
Q

artemis

A

mistress of wild animals, apollo’s twin sister, goddess of hunt, virginal patroness of virgins

42
Q

aphrodite

A

goddess of beauty and love, almost no one can resist her influence, aphrodite offered helen to paris which started trojan war

43
Q

apollo

A

god of music and prophesy; archery, slayer of python, spirit of delphi, his arrows bring plague and death

44
Q

hades

A

god of death and underworld, rape of persephone, brother of zeus and poseidon

45
Q

hera

A

sister and wife of zeus, indigenous mother goddess, conflict with zeus, achaian side

46
Q

ares

A

god of war, son of zeus and hera, untamed and physical aspect of war, zeus tells him he is the god most hateful to him

47
Q

hephaestus

A

god of fire, born lame (cast out of heaven), forges armor of achilles

48
Q

hermes

A

guide of travelers, god of thieves, never violent, messenger of gods

49
Q

menelaus

A

husband to helen, challenges paris to duel for helen’s return, he almost kills paris but aphrodite takes paris away, pandarus wounds him in the abdomen

50
Q

phoenix

A

warfaring identity is a charioteer, makes most passionate and emotional speech out of odysseus and ajax for achilles to enter back into battle, helped raise achilles as a child

51
Q

odysseus

A

advises agamemnon not to sail away for home in the middle of the battle, tries to convince achilles to return to fight, leads night rade with diomedes and steals trojan ally’s horses

52
Q

briseis

A

achilles’ prize who is taken away by agamemnon, causes achilles to stop fighting, she is returned to achilles when he returns to fight to avenge patroclus

53
Q

ajax

A

ajax fights off the trojans to bring back patroclus’ body, tries to convince achilles to return to battle, he duels with hector two times

54
Q

hector

A

eldest son of priam and hecuba, husband of andromache and chief warrior of trojan army, achilles kills hector after hector kills patroclus and tries to mutilate the body

55
Q

paris

A

unskilled and cowardly, choses aphrodite and abducts helen, duels with menelaus and is almost killed but aphrodite saves him

56
Q

helen

A

most beautiful woman in the world, wife of menelaus abducted by paris, shows remorse that the war started because of her

57
Q

aeneas

A

son of aphrodite, aphrodite and apollo rescue him from a duel with diomedes who almost kills him, destined to become king of trojan people

58
Q

sarpedon

A

son of zeus and laodamia, one of the trojan’s greatest allies, was killed by patroclus when he entered the battle with achilles’ armor

59
Q

priam

A

father of paris and hector, king of troy, goes to achilles to trade for his son’s body back

60
Q

xanthos/scamander

A

river god, side of the trojans after achilles insulted him, attempted to kill achilles three times, xanthous by gods and scamander by men

61
Q

andromache

A

wife of hector, mourners hector when he goes to battle before he dies, gives hector tactical advise for the war

62
Q

patroclus

A

achilles beloved comrade, asks to wear achilles’ armor to keep trojans from the ships, his death is the reason for achilles’ return to battle

63
Q

achilles

A

greatest warrior, stops fighting when agamemnon takes briseis, returns to battle with patroclus dies

64
Q

nestor

A

advises agamemnon and achilles to reconcile, noted for bravery and speaking abilities, wise counselor and motivated the plot of the iliad

65
Q

agamemnon

A

commander in chief of greeks during war, took away briseis from achilles, was killed by his wife clytaemnestra

66
Q

clytaemnestra

A

killed agamemnon upon his return, had an affair with aegistus, was murdered by orestes to avenge his father

67
Q

aegisthus

A

seduced cytaemnestra when agamemnon left, was murdered by orestes to avenge father, ruled over mycenae for seven years until death

68
Q

cassandra

A

daughter of priam and hecuba, power of prophesy but nobody believed her, brought back with agamemnon and killed by clytaemnestra

69
Q

orestes

A

son of agamemnon, returned from athens seven years later to avenge father, murdered aegisthus and clytaemnestra

70
Q

pylades

A

raised orestes, convinces orestes to follow through with his plan to kill, accompanies orestes

71
Q

electra

A

sister of orestes, helped plot revenge against mother and aegisthus, princess of argos

ch 201 (6 decks)

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