Test 11.1

Question 1

cell

Answer 1

The basic unit of structure and function in living things

Question 2

prokaryotic cell

Answer 2

simple, unicellular organisms that don’t have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

Question 3

Prokaryote (example)

Answer 3

bacteria

Question 4

Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 4

There are nuclei (a nucleus in each) in these cells. Larger cells, have membrane-bound organelles, appeared later in fossil record, more advance, more complex.

Question 5

Eukaryote (Example)

Answer 5

plants, animals, fungi

Question 6

cell membrane

Answer 6

thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell

Question 7

nucleus

Answer 7

A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction

Question 8

cytoplasm

Answer 8

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended

Question 9

organelle

Answer 9

A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell

Question 10

ribosome

Answer 10

Cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized.

Question 11

chloroplast

Answer 11

An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs

Question 12

mitochondria

Answer 12

-Power-house of the cell
-organelles specialized for synthesizing ATP (Energy)

Question 13

cell wall

Answer 13

-A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell
-Composed of cellulose

Question 14

phospholipid bilayer

Answer 14

composition of cell membrane, two layers of phospholipids arranged tail-to-tail

Question 15

semi permeable

Answer 15

characteristic of a cell membrane which allows some molecules to pass through but not others

Question 16

hypothesis

Answer 16

-A testable prediction, often supported by research.

Question 17

biosphere

Answer 17

part of Earth in which life exists including land, water, and air or atmosphere

Question 18

ecosystem

Answer 18

A community of living organisms and their abiotic environment

Question 19

population

Answer 19

A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area

Question 20

community

Answer 20

All the different populations that live together in an area

Question 21

organ system

Answer 21

group of organs that work together to perform a specific function

Question 22

tissue

Answer 22

A group of similar cells that perform the same function.

Question 23

nucleic acids (Function)

Answer 23

stores and transmits genetic information

Question 24

nucleic acid (Monomer)

Answer 24

nucelotide

Question 25

protein function

Answer 25

builds and repairs muscle, body movement, defend against germs or viruses, speeds up chemical reactions

Question 26

lipids function

Answer 26

-long term energy storage stored as fat -makes up cell membranes

Question 27

Carbohydrate (Function)

Answer 27

short term energy storage, main source of energy, makes up the cell wall of plants

Question 28

Carbohydrate (Examples)

Answer 28

sugars, starches, glycogen, and cellulose

Question 29

Carbohydrate (Monomer)

Answer 29

monosaccharide

Question 30

starch function

Answer 30

short-term energy storage in plants

Question 31

glycogen function

Answer 31

short-term energy storage in animals

Question 32

cellulose

Answer 32

component of plant cell walls

Question 33

monomer

Answer 33

a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.

Question 34

polymer

Answer 34

molecules composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules

Question 35

dehydration synthesis

Answer 35

A chemical reaction in which two molecules are bonded together with the removal of a water molecule.

Question 36

hydrolysis

Answer 36

Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water

Question 37

homeostasis

Answer 37

the balance and maintenance of constant internal conditions

Question 38

positive feedback loop

Answer 38

Feedback loop that causes a system to change further in the same direction.

Question 39

negative feedback loop

Answer 39

A feedback loop in which a system responds to a change by returning to its original state, or by decreasing the rate at which the change is occurring.

Question 40

stimulus

Answer 40

any event or situation that evokes a response

Question 41

response

Answer 41

An action or change in behavior that occurs as a result of a stimulus.

Question 42

effector

Answer 42

An organ (a gland or muscle) that becomes active in response to nerve impulses from the brain.

Question 43

set point

Answer 43

he "normal" range that an environmental parameter is to be controlled. (Body temp, blood sugar levels)

Question 44

cell theory

Answer 44

-idea that all living things are composed of cells, -cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things -new cells are produced from existing cells

Question 45

osmosis

Answer 45

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 46

diffusion

Answer 46

-Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. -Requires NO ENERGY!

Question 47

concentration gradient

Answer 47

difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another

Question 48

golgi apparatus

Answer 48

passageways were chemicals are made

Question 49

vacuole

Answer 49

sac that stores water waste products and nutrients.

Question 50

Denaturation (enzymes)

Answer 50

when you heat proteins up to much and they break apart.

Question 51

endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 51

stack of membranes that packages chemicals

Question 52

centriole

Answer 52

structure that organizes motion of chromosomes

Question 53

lysosome

Answer 53

package created by the golgi apparatus

Question 54

cytoskeleton

Answer 54

tubules and filaments that give the cell its shape

Question 55

nuclear membrane

Answer 55

membrane that surrounds and protects the nucleus

Question 56

vesicle

Answer 56

sac filled with digestive chemicals

Question 57

nucleolus

Answer 57

structure that manufactures ribosomes.

Question 58

enzymes

Answer 58

proteins that help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies