Test 12

Question 1

What is the real measure of success under natural selection?

Answer 1

Reproductive Success

Question 2

Founder Effect

Answer 2

New population is made from individuals with different genetic codes

Question 3

Why is Anthropology said to be “holistic”?

Answer 3

searches for interrelationships of subject.

Question 4

Major goals of anthropology

Answer 4

anthropology is to study human biological and cultural diversity across time and space.

Question 5

Dominant sense of primates

Answer 5

Vision

Question 6

Which subfield of anthropology is concerned with the reconstruction of past cultural systems?

Answer 6

archaeology

Question 7

Theory means

Answer 7

well-supported and repeatedly tested explanation of natural phenomena.

Question 8

Which subfield of anthropology is concerned with humans as a biological species?

Answer 8

Biological (physical) anthropology

Question 9

Mutations are

Answer 9

Changes in DNA that introduce genetic variation

Question 10

The earliest primate like fossils are said to date to?

Answer 10

65 million years ago

Question 11

Physical anthropologists who study variation within and among human populations would be interested in questions such as?

Answer 11

Genetic variation, adaptation, and evolution

Question 12

Many primates congregate in social groups, or communities, known as?

Answer 12

Troops

Question 13

Individuals who study living, nonhuman primates are known as?

Answer 13

Primatologists

Question 14

Darwin’s idea about the major process of evolution is called?

Answer 14

Natural selection

Question 15

The earliest members of genus Homo were placed in that genus because of their?

Answer 15

Larger brains and tool use

Question 16

Primate evolution has produced some morphological characteristics that represent adaptations to _____ conditions, or life in the trees?

Answer 16

Arboreal adaptations

Question 17

Differences in size and morphology between males and females is called?

Answer 17

Sexual dimorphism

Question 18

In general, speciation occurs when?

Answer 18

When populations become reproductively isolated and diverge

Question 19

Which subfield of anthropology is concerned with the human communication
system?

Answer 19

Linguistic anthropology

Question 20

When a scientist begins with a general theory from which testable hypotheses are developed, he or she is said to be using the _____ method?

Answer 20

Deductive method

Question 21

_____ is the earliest and most important trend in hominid evolution?

Answer 21

Bipedalism

Question 22

The basic laws of inheritance were articulated by?

Answer 22

Gregor mendal

Question 23

The earliest well-established hominid fossils are placed in genus _____?

Answer 23

Australopithecus

Question 24

The study of past cultures and lifestyles is the goal of?
Archaeology

Answer 24

Archaeology

Question 25

Popular perceptions and misperceptions of other cultures have often been based on _____?

Answer 25

Ethnocentrism and stereotypes

Question 26

Among the following, which is the most important concerning "Lucy"?

Answer 26

Early bipedalism

Question 27

Which is true of Jane Goodall?

Answer 27

Pioneering research on chimpanzees

Question 28

All of the genes possessed by a population are known as its?

Answer 28

Gene Pool

Question 29

_____________ refers to the relative social status or rank of a primate, which is determined by its ability to compete successfully with its peers for objectives of value such as food and sexual partners?

Answer 29

Dominance hierarchy

Question 30

There is very little fossil evidence detailing the evolution of hominoids from about?

Answer 30

8 to 4 million years ago

Question 31

Controversy surrounds the theory of evolution. Many different interpretations of hominin evolution (phylogenetic trees or family trees) have been advanced through the years. The fossil record is sparse at key times in the evolutionary narrative, and DNA is now being used to advance evolutionary theory. Despite these efforts, many assumptions and presuppositions continue to influence thinking and interpretation. That being the case, what can we assertively state about evolutionary theory as it is put forth in your text book, and in popular culture/media?

Answer 31

Evolutionary theory is continuously refined, with ongoing debates over fossil evidence and DNA interpretations.

Question 32

Many New World Monkeys have _____, while Old World Monkeys do not possess this characteristic?

Answer 32

Prehensile tails

Question 33

To say that anthropology is holistic means that it?

Answer 33

it integrates biological, cultural, linguistic, and archaeological perspectives.

Question 34

Gorillas use an unusual quadrupedal form of locomotion called?

Answer 34

Knuckle walking

Question 35

The material products of former societies are known as?

Answer 35

Artifact

Question 36

Which subfield of anthropology is concerned with explaining the behavior variation among human societies?

Answer 36

Cultural anthropology

Question 37

The characteristic that identifies hominids as a taxonomically distinct group from other primates is?

Answer 37

Bipedalism

Question 38

Grooming in primates is primarily a(n) _____ activity?

Answer 38

Social bonding

Question 39

A paleoanthropologist would be most likely to study?

Answer 39

Early human fossils and evolution

Question 40

Science is?

Answer 40

empirical, systematic approach to understanding the natural world.

Question 41

The idea that organisms change during their lifetime and pass those changes on to their offspring is known as the theory of?

Answer 41

Lamarckism

Question 42

Scientists speculate that the first mammals related to the primates appeared during the Paleocene about _____ years ago?

Answer 42

65 million years ago

Question 43

You are visiting the zoo with some of your friends. You are looking at a primate in a cage that is hanging from its tail. your friends know that you are taking a course in anthropology and ask you, "What kind of primate is that?" You reply that it is a(n)?

Answer 43

New world monkey

Question 44

The use of anthropological data to offer practical solutions to problems within a society is called?

Answer 44

Applied anthropology

Question 45

The science of classification, or _____, gives scientists a convenient way of referring to, and comparing, living and extinct organisms?

Answer 45

Taxonomy

Question 46

A group of organisms that have similar morphological characteristics and can potentially interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring is called a(n)?

Answer 46

Species

Question 47

The name most closely associated with the system traditionally used to classify living things is?

Answer 47

Carl Linneaus

Question 48

The individuals have characteristics (variations) that allow them to survive in a particular environment and reproduce, passing these traits on to their progeny, is known as?

Answer 48

Natural Selection

Question 49

The four subdisciplines of anthropology are?

Answer 49

cultural anthropology, biological anthropology, archaeology, and linguistic anthropology

Question 50

In science, a proposed explanation for some natural phenomenon is called a(n)?

Answer 50

hypothesis