Test Flashcards
(20 cards)
MAJOR FEATURES OF ORGANIZATIONS: THREE
MORE THAT MOST AUTHORITIES AGREE ON
• Span of Control
•Authority
• Centralization versus Decentralization of
Authority
The vertical hierarchy of authority:
Who reports to who
The horizontal specialization:
Who specializes in what work
Two types of change
Reactive change(Making changes in response to problems or opportunities as they arise)
Proactive change(Involves making carefully thought-out changes in anticipation of possible or expected problems.)
Reintroduction of a familiar practice.( less threatening)
Adaptive change.
Introduction of a practice that is new to the organization (somewhat threatening)
Innovative change
Involves introducing a practice that is new to the
industry(Very threatening)
Radically innovative change
Change in the appearance or performance of a product or the creation of a new one.
Product innovation
Change in the way a product is conceived, manufactured, or disseminated.
Process innovation
Creates the motivation to change
Unfreezing
New information, models, and procedures
Changing
Support and reinforce the change
Refreezing
Daniel Bernoulli’s Expected Utility Hypothesis:
EU = P x V
What is the difference between human capital and social capital?
Human capital = Individual
Social capital = group working together
steps of the Kotters model
1) establish a sense of urgency
2) create the guiding coalition
3) develop a change vision
4) communicate the vision for buy in
5) empower broad based action
6) generate short term wins
7) never let up
8) cooperate change into the culture
Basic types of organizational structures
1) Functional Structures
2) Divisional Structures
3) Matrix Structures
Four types of organizational culture
1.Clan
2.Adhocarcy
3.Hiearchy
4.Market
Narrow (or Tall) versus Wide (or
Flat)
Span of control
Accountability, Responsibility, and
Delegation
Authority
Centralization versus Decentralization of
Authority
Centralization focus on authority senior level,
decentralization focus on level-down authority of functional workers.
