Test Flashcards
1
Q
What is the Lindu-Buddhist tradition?
A
A religious tradition that incorporates elements of Buddhism and local beliefs.
2
Q
What does polytheistic mean?
A
The belief in or worship of multiple gods.
3
Q
What is nirvana?
A
A transcendent state free from suffering and individual existence.
4
Q
What is karma?
A
The concept that a person’s actions influence their future.
5
Q
What is the Abrahamic tradition?
A
Religions that trace their origins to Abraham, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
6
Q
What does monotheistic mean?
A
The belief in a single, all-powerful god.
7
Q
Who are shamans?
A
Spiritual leaders or healers in various indigenous cultures.
8
Q
What is migration diffusion?
A
The spread of cultural elements through the movement of people.
9
Q
What is shamanism?
A
A practice involving a shaman who acts as an intermediary between the spiritual and physical worlds.
10
Q
What is a caste system?
A
A hierarchical social structure often based on birth.
11
Q
What are Agamas?
A
Sacred texts in certain Hindu and Jain traditions.
12
Q
What does relocating refer to?
A
The act of moving from one place to another.
13
Q
What is cosmology?
A
The study of the universe’s origin, evolution, and eventual fate.
14
Q
Who are dalits?
A
A group traditionally considered outside the caste system in India.
15
Q
Who are Imams?
A
Leaders in the Islamic faith, particularly in Shia Islam.
16
Q
What are theocracies?
A
Governments in which religious leaders control political power.
17
Q
What is a head of state?
A
The individual who serves as the chief public representative of a country.
18
Q
What are republics?
A
Forms of government in which the country is considered a ‘public matter’.
19
Q
What are monarchies?
A
Forms of government where a single person rules as king or queen.
20
Q
What is Sharia?
A
Islamic law derived from the Quran and Hadith.
21
Q
What does secular mean?
A
Not connected with religious or spiritual matters.
22
Q
Who are the Druze?
A
A religious group that originated in the Middle East, incorporating elements of Islam and other philosophies.
23
Q
Who are the Sikhs?
A
Followers of Sikhism, a monotheistic religion founded in the Punjab region of India.
24
Q
What are the Five Pillars of Islam?
A
The five basic acts of worship that are considered the foundation of a Muslim’s faith.
25
What are Aesop's fables?
A collection of moral stories attributed to Aesop, a storyteller from ancient Greece.
26
What is Tace?
A term that may refer to a historical figure or concept, context needed.
27
What is swidden?
A method of agriculture involving the clearing of land by burning.
28
What are appellations?
Names or titles that denote a specific quality or characteristic.
29
What are metes and bounds?
A system of land surveying that defines property boundaries.
30
What are long-lot patterns?
A land division system that creates long, narrow parcels of land.
31
What is township and range?
A land survey system used in the United States to divide land into townships and ranges.
32
What is ethnicity?
A social group that shares a common and distinctive culture, language, or religion.
33
What is racism?
Prejudice or discrimination against individuals based on their race.
34
Who are Melanesians?
Indigenous peoples of the Melanesia region in the Pacific Ocean.
35
Who are Polynesians?
Indigenous peoples of the Polynesia region in the Pacific Ocean.
36
Who are Micronesians?
Indigenous peoples of the Micronesia region in the Pacific Ocean.
37
Who are Aboriginals?
Indigenous peoples of Australia.
38
What is an indigenous population?
Groups of people who are the original inhabitants of a region.
39
What are mestizos?
People of mixed European and Indigenous ancestry, particularly in Latin America.
40
What are mulattos?
People of mixed European and African ancestry.
41
Who are the Garifuna?
A group descended from Indigenous Caribbean people and Africans.
42
What is Creole?
A term used to describe people or cultures that have mixed origins.
43
What is environmental determinism?
The theory that the physical environment shapes human culture and societal development.
44
Who is Friedrich Ratzel?
A German geographer known for his work in political geography.
45
Who is Carl Sauer?
An American geographer known for his work on cultural landscapes.
46
What is possibilism?
The theory that the environment sets certain constraints but does not determine cultural development.
47
What is lebensraum?
A German term meaning 'living space', often used in the context of territorial expansion.
48
What is xenophobia?
Fear or hatred of that which is perceived to be foreign or strange.
49
What is internal identity?
The sense of self that is shaped by personal experiences and beliefs.
50
What is external identity?
The perception of oneself as viewed by others or society.
51
What are culture regions?
Areas defined by shared cultural traits.
52
What are fuzzy borders?
Ambiguous or unclear boundaries between cultural regions.
53
What is Dixie?
A colloquial term for the Southern United States, often associated with a specific culture.
54
What are border states?
States that were situated between the North and South during the American Civil War.
55
What is a culture hearth?
A geographic area where cultural traits develop and spread.
56
What are contemporary culture hearths?
Modern regions where significant cultural innovations occur.
57
What are ancient culture hearths?
Historical regions where early civilizations and cultures originated.
58
What are staple food crops?
Crops that are the primary source of food for a population.
59
What is a contemporary culture region?
An area characterized by shared cultural practices in the present day.
60
Who are the Latter-Day Saints (LDS)?
Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, a Christian restorationist movement.
61
What is sequent occupance?
The concept that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place.
62
What is acculturation?
The process of cultural change resulting from the meeting of cultures.
63
What is assimilation?
The process by which individuals or groups adopt the culture of another group.
64
What does indigenous mean?
Originating or occurring naturally in a particular place.
65
What is indigenous culture?
Cultural practices and beliefs that are native to a specific region.
66
What is the preservation of cultural heritage?
Efforts to protect and maintain cultural traditions and artifacts.
67
Who is William Denevan?
A geographer known for his research on pre-Columbian populations.
68
What does pre-Columbian refer to?
The period in the Americas before the arrival of Christopher Columbus.
69
What are epidemics?
Widespread occurrences of infectious diseases in a community.
70
What is terra preta?
A type of fertile soil found in the Amazon rainforest, created by ancient indigenous peoples.
71
What is cultural survival?
The ongoing existence of a culture despite external pressures.
72
What is cultural globalization?
The worldwide exchange and integration of cultural elements.
73
What are proselytic religions?
Religions that actively seek to convert others to their faith.
74
What is connection to nature?
The relationship and bond that individuals or cultures have with the natural environment.
75
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
The peace treaty that ended World War I.
76
What is ethnic cleansing?
The systematic removal of an ethnic or cultural group from a territory.
77
What are the Dayton Peace Accords?
The agreement that ended the Bosnian War in the 1990s.
78
What are crimes against humanity?
Widespread or systematic attacks against civilians.
79
What is genocide?
The deliberate and systematic extermination of a particular group.
80
What was the Holocaust?
The genocide of six million Jews and millions of others by the Nazi regime during World War II.
81
What is culture?
The shared practices, values, and beliefs of a group.
82
What is a cultural landscape?
The visible imprint of human activity on the landscape.
83
What are signs in culture?
Symbols that convey meaning within a cultural context.
84
What are symbols in culture?
Objects or images that represent ideas or concepts.
85
What are components of culture?
Elements such as language, religion, customs, and arts.
86
What is cultural synthesis (syncretism)?
The blending of different cultural elements.
87
What is folk music?
Traditional music that expresses the culture of a community.
88
What is a culture group (nation)?
A group of people sharing a common culture.
89
What is Anglo-America?
Regions of North America influenced by English culture.
90
What is built environment?
Human-made structures and spaces.
91
What are architectural forms?
Distinct styles of building design.
92
What is modern architecture?
Architectural style that emerged in the 20th century.
93
What is contemporary architecture?
Architecture that reflects current trends and technologies.
94
What is traditional architecture?
Building styles that reflect historical practices.
95
What is a Stupa?
A dome-shaped structure used in Buddhist architecture.
96
What is patois?
A dialect with distinct vocabulary and grammar.
97
What does postmodern refer to in architecture?
A style that reacts against modernism, often incorporating eclectic elements.
98
What is green energy?
Energy derived from renewable resources.
99
What are recycled materials?
Materials that have been processed for reuse.
100
What are commercial buildings?
Structures used for business purposes.
101
What is pidgin?
A simplified language that develops as a means of communication between speakers of different languages.
102
What is housing?
Structures that provide shelter for individuals or families.
103
What is a dialect?
A regional variation of a language.
104
What is a folk house?
A traditional dwelling that reflects local culture.
105
What is a Pagoda?
A tiered tower with multiple eaves, common in Asian architecture.
106
What is a traditional housing style?
Architectural styles that reflect historical and cultural influences.
107
What is New England style?
A traditional architectural style characterized by simple, symmetrical designs.
108
What is Cape Cod style?
A traditional New England home design with steep roofs and dormer windows.
109
What is Saltbox style?
A type of house with a long, pitched roof that slopes down to the back.
110
What is I-house?
A two-story house with a gable roof and symmetrical facade.
111
What is Federalist (Georgian) style?
An architectural style characterized by symmetry and classic proportions.
112
What are minarets?
Tall towers associated with mosques.
113
What does bilingual mean?
Fluent in two languages.
114
What is the Wailing Wall?
A sacred site in Jerusalem for Jewish prayer and mourning.
115
What are official languages?
Languages designated by law for government use.
116
What does monolingual mean?
Fluent in only one language.
117
What does multilingual mean?
Fluent in multiple languages.
118
What is vocabulary?
The set of words known and used by a person or group.
119
What is a linguistic region?
An area where a particular language is spoken.
120
What are word sounds?
The phonetic elements of spoken language.
121
What is received pronunciation?
An accent associated with educated speakers in the UK.
122
What is Cockney?
An accent and dialect of English originating in East London.
123
What is Cockney rhyming slang?
A form of English slang that replaces a word with a phrase that rhymes with it.
124
What is French Creole?
A creole language that evolved from French and African languages.
125
What is a lingua franca?
A common language used for communication between speakers of different languages.
126
What is English in the context of lingua franca?
The global lingua franca, widely used for international communication.
127
What are language families?
Groups of languages that share a common ancestor.
128
What are language groups?
Subsets of languages within a family that are closely related.
129
What are language subfamilies?
Further divisions within language groups.
130
What are prehistoric migrations?
Movements of people before recorded history.
131
What is a hearth in cultural geography?
The origin point of a cultural trait.
132
What is the Anatolian theory?
A theory suggesting that the spread of languages originated in Anatolia.
133
What is Hellespont?
A narrow strait in Turkey connecting the Aegean Sea to the Sea of Marmara.
134
What is the Kurgan theory?
A theory proposing that the spread of Indo-European languages originated in the Eurasian steppe.
135
What is the Eurasian steppe?
A vast grassland region in Eurasia.
136
What is a folk song?
A song that is passed down through generations within a culture.
137
What is folklore?
The traditional beliefs, customs, and stories of a culture.
138
What is popular culture?
Cultural activities and products that are widely favored or well-liked.
139
What is pop music?
A genre of popular music that is commercially recorded.
140
What is Appalachia?
A cultural region in the Eastern United States known for its distinct music and traditions.
141
What is bluegrass?
A genre of American roots music that originated in Appalachia.
142
Who are the Roma or Romani?
An ethnic group with a distinct culture and language, traditionally nomadic.
143
What is continental cuisine?
Cooking styles and dishes from the European continent.
144
What is haute cuisine?
High-quality, elaborate cooking often associated with French cuisine.
145
What is nouvelle cuisine?
A modern style of cooking that emphasizes freshness and lightness.
146
What is Mediterranean cuisine?
Cooking styles and dishes from countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea.
147
What is fusion cuisine?
A culinary style that combines elements from different culinary traditions.
148
What is folk food?
Traditional dishes that are characteristic of a particular culture.
149
What is Moroccan cuisine?
The traditional cooking style of Morocco, known for its spices and flavors.
150
What is social interaction?
The process by which people act and react to those around them.
151
What does culturally constructed mean?
Concepts and practices shaped by cultural influences.
152
What are greetings?
Expressions used to acknowledge someone's presence.
153
What is a handshake?
A common form of greeting involving a grasp of the hand.
154
What is a bow?
A gesture of respect or greeting involving bending at the waist.
155
What is cheek kissing?
A form of greeting involving kissing on the cheeks.
156
What is personal space?
The physical distance maintained between individuals during interactions.
157
What are religions (belief systems)?
Systems of faith and worship that provide moral guidance.
158
What are universalizing religions?
Religions that seek to appeal to all people, regardless of culture.
159
What are ethnic religions?
Religions that are closely tied to a specific cultural or ethnic group.
160
What is scripture?
Sacred writings considered authoritative in a religion.
161
What is divine origin?
The belief that a religion's teachings come from a higher power.
162
What is doctrine?
A set of beliefs held and taught by a religious group.
163
What are denominations?
Subgroups within a religion that have distinct beliefs or practices.
164
What are compromising religions?
Religions that adapt or blend elements from different faiths.
165
What are fundamentalists?
Individuals who strictly adhere to the basic principles of their religion.
166
What is animist tradition?
Beliefs that non-human entities possess a spiritual essence.
167
What is culture?
The shared practices, values, and beliefs of a group.
168
What is a cultural landscape?
The visible imprint of human activity on the landscape.
169
What are signs in culture?
Symbols that convey meaning within a cultural context.
170
What are symbols in culture?
Objects or images that represent ideas or concepts.
171
What are components of culture?
Elements such as language, religion, customs, and arts.
172
What is cultural synthesis (syncretism)?
The blending of different cultural elements.
173
What is folk music?
Traditional music that expresses the culture of a community.
174
What is a culture group (nation)?
A group of people sharing a common culture.
175
What is Anglo-America?
Regions of North America influenced by English culture.
176
What is built environment?
Human-made structures and spaces.
177
What are architectural forms?
Distinct styles of building design.
178
What is modern architecture?
Architectural style that emerged in the 20th century.
179
What is contemporary architecture?
Architecture that reflects current trends and technologies.
180
What is traditional architecture?
Building styles that reflect historical practices.
181
What is a Stupa?
A dome-shaped structure used in Buddhist architecture.
182
What is patois?
A dialect with distinct vocabulary and grammar.
183
What does postmodern refer to in architecture?
A style that reacts against modernism, often incorporating eclectic elements.
184
What is green energy?
Energy derived from renewable resources.
185
What are recycled materials?
Materials that have been processed for reuse.
186
What are commercial buildings?
Structures used for business purposes.
187
What is pidgin?
A simplified language that develops as a means of communication between speakers of different languages.
188
What is housing?
Structures that provide shelter for individuals or families.
189
What is a dialect?
A regional variation of a language.
190
What is a folk house?
A traditional dwelling that reflects local culture.
191
What is a Pagoda?
A tiered tower with multiple eaves, common in Asian architecture.
192
What is a traditional housing style?
Architectural styles that reflect historical and cultural influences.
193
What is New England style?
A traditional architectural style characterized by simple, symmetrical designs.
194
What is Cape Cod style?
A traditional New England home design with steep roofs and dormer windows.
195
What is Saltbox style?
A type of house with a long, pitched roof that slopes down to the back.
196
What is I-house?
A two-story house with a gable roof and symmetrical facade.
197
What is Federalist (Georgian) style?
An architectural style characterized by symmetry and classic proportions.
198
What are minarets?
Tall towers associated with mosques.
199
What does bilingual mean?
Fluent in two languages.
200
What is the Wailing Wall?
A sacred site in Jerusalem for Jewish prayer and mourning.
201
What are official languages?
Languages designated by law for government use.
202
What does monolingual mean?
Fluent in only one language.
203
What does multilingual mean?
Fluent in multiple languages.
204
What is vocabulary?
The set of words known and used by a person or group.
205
What is a linguistic region?
An area where a particular language is spoken.
206
What are word sounds?
The phonetic elements of spoken language.
207
What is received pronunciation?
An accent associated with educated speakers in the UK.
208
What is Cockney?
An accent and dialect of English originating in East London.
209
What is Cockney rhyming slang?
A form of English slang that replaces a word with a phrase that rhymes with it.
210
What is French Creole?
A creole language that evolved from French and African languages.
211
What is a lingua franca?
A common language used for communication between speakers of different languages.
212
What is English in the context of lingua franca?
The global lingua franca, widely used for international communication.
213
What are language families?
Groups of languages that share a common ancestor.
214
What are language groups?
Subsets of languages within a family that are closely related.
215
What are language subfamilies?
Further divisions within language groups.
216
What are prehistoric migrations?
Movements of people before recorded history.
217
What is a hearth in cultural geography?
The origin point of a cultural trait.
218
What is the Anatolian theory?
A theory suggesting that the spread of languages originated in Anatolia.
219
What is Hellespont?
A narrow strait in Turkey connecting the Aegean Sea to the Sea of Marmara.
220
What is the Kurgan theory?
A theory proposing that the spread of Indo-European languages originated in the Eurasian steppe.
221
What is the Eurasian steppe?
A vast grassland region in Eurasia.
222
What is a folk song?
A song that is passed down through generations within a culture.
223
What is folklore?
The traditional beliefs, customs, and stories of a culture.
224
What is popular culture?
Cultural activities and products that are widely favored or well-liked.
225
What is pop music?
A genre of popular music that is commercially recorded.
226
What is Appalachia?
A cultural region in the Eastern United States known for its distinct music and traditions.
227
What is bluegrass?
A genre of American roots music that originated in Appalachia.
228
Who are the Roma or Romani?
An ethnic group with a distinct culture and language, traditionally nomadic.
229
What is continental cuisine?
Cooking styles and dishes from the European continent.
230
What is haute cuisine?
High-quality, elaborate cooking often associated with French cuisine.
231
What is nouvelle cuisine?
A modern style of cooking that emphasizes freshness and lightness.
232
What is Mediterranean cuisine?
Cooking styles and dishes from countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea.
233
What is fusion cuisine?
A culinary style that combines elements from different culinary traditions.
234
What is folk food?
Traditional dishes that are characteristic of a particular culture.
235
What is Moroccan cuisine?
The traditional cooking style of Morocco, known for its spices and flavors.
236
What is social interaction?
The process by which people act and react to those around them.
237
What does culturally constructed mean?
Concepts and practices shaped by cultural influences.
238
What are greetings?
Expressions used to acknowledge someone's presence.
239
What is a handshake?
A common form of greeting involving a grasp of the hand.
240
What is a bow?
A gesture of respect or greeting involving bending at the waist.
241
What is cheek kissing?
A form of greeting involving kissing on the cheeks.
242
What is personal space?
The physical distance maintained between individuals during interactions.
243
What are religions (belief systems)?
Systems of faith and worship that provide moral guidance.
244
What are universalizing religions?
Religions that seek to appeal to all people, regardless of culture.
245
What are ethnic religions?
Religions that are closely tied to a specific cultural or ethnic group.
246
What is scripture?
Sacred writings considered authoritative in a religion.
247
What is divine origin?
The belief that a religion's teachings come from a higher power.
248
What is doctrine?
A set of beliefs held and taught by a religious group.
249
What are denominations?
Subgroups within a religion that have distinct beliefs or practices.
250
What are compromising religions?
Religions that adapt or blend elements from different faiths.
251
What are fundamentalists?
Individuals who strictly adhere to the basic principles of their religion.
252
What is animist tradition?
Beliefs that non-human entities possess a spiritual essence.
