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Question 1

What are the three elements necessary for communication?

Answer 1

• Source (sender)
• Destination (receiver)
• Channel (media)

Question 2

What are protocols in the context of network communication?

Answer 2

Protocols are the rules that govern communications.

Question 3

What requirements must protocols account for?

Answer 3

• Identified sender and receiver
• Common language and grammar
• Speed and timing of delivery
• Confirmation or acknowledgment requirements

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The process of converting information into another acceptable form for transmission is called _______.

Answer 4

[Message Encoding]

Question 5

What does message formatting and encapsulation involve?

Answer 5

Using a specific format or structure for a message based on its type and delivery channel.

Question 6

What does message timing include?

Answer 6

• Flow Control
• Response Timeout
• Access method

Question 7

What are the methods of message delivery?

Answer 7

• Unicast
• Multicast
• Broadcast

Question 8

True or False: Broadcasts are used in IPv6 networks.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

What is a protocol suite?

Answer 9

A group of inter-related protocols necessary to perform a communication function.

Question 10

What is the most common protocol suite used today?

Answer 10

Internet Protocol Suite or TCP/IP

Question 11

What are the layers involved in TCP/IP protocols?

Answer 11

• Application layer
• Transport layer
• Internet layer

Question 12

What does the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) do?

Answer 12

Develops, updates, and maintains internet and TCP/IP technologies.

Question 13

What is the role of standards organizations?

Answer 13

Develop and promote the concept of open standards.

Question 14

What is the purpose of open standards?

Answer 14

• Encourage interoperability
• Foster competition
• Promote innovation

Question 15

What functions do network protocols have?

Answer 15

• Addressing
• Reliability
• Flow Control
• Sequencing
• Error Detection
• Application Interface

Question 16

What is the significance of the OSI model in networking?

Answer 16

It helps in troubleshooting using the divide and conquer method.

Question 17

Explain the difference between Layer 2 and Layer 3.

Answer 17

Layer 2 is for each leg of the journey, while Layer 3 is for initial source and final destination.

Question 18

What is the TCP/IP communication process when a web server sends a web page?

Answer 18

The web server encapsulates and sends the web page to a client, which then de-encapsulates it for the web browser.

Question 19

What is the importance of segmenting the data stream?

Answer 19

It allows for multiplexing/interleaving traffic to enhance efficiency.

Question 20

What does message delivery option ‘Anycast’ refer to?

Answer 20

A delivery option for IPv6, allowing data to be sent to any one of a group of nodes.

Question 21

What are the advantages of using a layered model in networking?

Answer 21

• Simplifies troubleshooting
• Provides a framework for understanding and implementing protocols

Question 22

What does the acronym ICMP stand for?

Answer 22

Internet Control Message Protocol

Question 23

What organization coordinates IP address allocation and domain name management?

Answer 23

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)

ICANN also assigns other information related to the Internet.

Question 24

What does the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) oversee?

Answer 24

IP address allocation, domain name management, and protocol identifiers for ICANN

IANA plays a critical role in the structure of the internet.

Question 25

What is the purpose of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)?

Answer 25

Creating standards in power and energy, healthcare, telecommunications, and networking ## Footnote IEEE is pronounced “I-triple-E”.

Question 26

What does the Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) develop standards for?

Answer 26

Electrical wiring, connectors, and 19-inch racks used to mount networking equipment.

Question 27

What type of standards does the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) develop?

Answer 27

Communication standards in radio equipment, cellular towers, Voice over IP (VoIP) devices, and satellite communications.

Question 28

What is the role of the International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T)?

Answer 28

Defines standards for video compression, Internet Protocol Television (IPTV), and broadband communications.

Question 29

What are the two main layered models that describe network operations?

Answer 29

Open System Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model and TCP/IP Reference Model.

Question 30

List the benefits of using a layered model.

Answer 30

* Assists in protocol design * Fosters competition * Prevents technology changes from affecting other layers * Provides a common language for networking functions.

Question 31

What does Layer 7 of the OSI Model represent?

Answer 31

Application layer, which contains protocols for process-to-process communications.

Question 32

What is the function of Layer 4 in the OSI Model?

Answer 32

Transport layer, which defines services to segment, transfer, and reassemble data.

Question 33

What does the TCP/IP model's Application layer do?

Answer 33

Represents data to the user, plus encoding and dialog control.

Question 34

What is the purpose of segmenting messages in data encapsulation?

Answer 34

Increases speed and efficiency of data transmission.

Question 35

What is the role of TCP in data encapsulation?

Answer 35

Responsible for sequencing the individual segments.

Question 36

What does PDU stand for?

Answer 36

Protocol Data Unit.

Question 37

Fill in the blank: Encapsulation is a _______ process.

Answer 37

top down

Question 38

What happens during de-encapsulation?

Answer 38

Each layer strips off its header and passes the data up to the next level.

Question 39

What are the two types of addresses used in data access?

Answer 39

* Network layer addresses * Data link layer addresses.

Question 40

What information does a Layer 3 IP address contain?

Answer 40

* Source IP address * Destination IP address.

Question 41

When devices are on the same network, how do their IP addresses compare?

Answer 41

They will have the same number in the network portion of the address.

Question 42

What is a default gateway (DGW)?

Answer 42

The router interface IP address that serves as a gateway to other networks.

Question 43

What is the significance of MAC addresses in data access?

Answer 43

They are used for local addressing on the same Ethernet network.

Question 44

True or False: The Layer 3 addressing changes from segment to segment.

Answer 44

False

Question 45

What does the term 'protocol suite' refer to?

Answer 45

A group of inter-related protocols.

Question 46

Name one common computer protocol.

Answer 46

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Question 47

What is the difference between unicast, multicast, and broadcast?

Answer 47

* Unicast: one-to-one communication * Multicast: one-to-many communication * Broadcast: one-to-all communication.

Question 48

What is the role of the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)?

Answer 48

Maps IP addresses to MAC addresses.

Question 49

What is the primary purpose of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)?

Answer 49

To facilitate data communication over the web.