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Soil Science > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

1-3 days after a saturating rain

A

Field capacity

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2
Q

Accumulation of nutrients in water stimulates the excess production of algae eventually reducing oxygen content of the water and killing fish

A

Eutrophication

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3
Q

Land capability classification

A

Classification of land according to position in the landscape and uses of that land

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4
Q

Allophane clay

A

A type of clay that results from volcanic ash that is not made from silicon

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5
Q

Gravimetric measurement

A

Direct measurement of the amount of water in a given mass of soil

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6
Q

Tensiometer

A

Measures the tenacity with which water is held in the soil

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7
Q

Permanent wilt

A

Water content of the soil at which plants do not recover

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8
Q

Eh

A

A unit of measurement of the Redox potential

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9
Q

Type of clay that is used to bind mycotoxins in feed

A

Aluminosilicate clay

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10
Q

Available water capacity

A

Field capacity-permanent wilt point =

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11
Q

Hygroscopic water is…

A

Held tightly in small pores

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12
Q

Plant available water

A

Capillary water

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13
Q

Gravitational water

A

Fills large pores when saturated, drains away quickly

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14
Q

Nutrient management

A

Balancing nutrient inputs and outputs on a farm

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15
Q

BMP

A

A classification utilized by landowners in order to help them determine if their land is good for cropping in order to reduce their environmental impact

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16
Q

The evapotransoiration from a pine forest was found to be 50cm during a growing season. If the evaporation from the soil surface during this period of time was 5 cm, what is the level of loss from leaf surfaces?

A

45 cm

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17
Q

Plant transpiration efficiency at a given location is markedly influenced by…

A

Fertilization practices used and the plant species being grown

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18
Q

Do rocks store water?

A

No

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19
Q

What is an example of cohesion?

A

Surface tension

20
Q

The likelihood of polluting groundwater with pesticides and plant nutrients is enhanced by…

A

The presence of macro pores in the soil

21
Q

A situation that increases evapotranspiration is…

A

Wind

22
Q

A factor favoring surface runoff is

A

Steep field slopes

23
Q

More capillary action will occur in a ____ soil

A

Clay

24
Q

What are the fates of precipitation

A

Run off, intercepted by plants, infiltrated into soil

25
Q

The number of acres in a section of land

A

640

26
Q

The strong attraction between soil particles and water particles is known as

A

Adhesion

27
Q

The attraction of water molecules for each other is known as

A

Cohesion

28
Q

As soil dries out, plants begin to show the effects of reduced moisture by,…

A

Wilting

29
Q

Cultivation is initially ……. for soil aeration but in the long run is …….. for soil structure

A

Good, bad

30
Q

Water is a ______ molecule

A

Polar

31
Q

A term that describes water entering the soil profile from the surface is

A

Infiltration

32
Q

Bulk density measurements include the following

A

Sand, silt, clay, pore space

33
Q

What would be a good use for kaolinite?

A

Pottery or China/ paper manufacturers

34
Q

What would be a good use for smectite?

A

Talc

35
Q

What would be a good use for bentonite?

A

Line a pond bank

36
Q

What would be a good use for vermiculite?

A

Potting soil

37
Q

What contaminant in manure causes the environmental risk…

Blue baby syndrome

A

Nitrate-N

38
Q

What contaminant in manure causes the environmental risk…

Eutrophication

A

Phosphorous

39
Q

What contaminant in manure causes the environmental risk…

Fish kills

A

Ammonium

40
Q

What contaminant in manure causes the environmental risk…

Human health risks

A

Pathogens

41
Q

What contaminant in manure causes the environmental risk…

Reduced oxygen, clogging fish gills

A

Organic matter

42
Q

Name three soil features that may limit the use of the site for septic tank drainage fields

A
  1. Fragipan
  2. Seepage
  3. Flooding capacity
43
Q

What are the 3 main components that define a wetland

A
  1. Hydric/anaerobic soil
  2. microorganisms tolerant to anaerobic soil
  3. Plants and marsh plants tolerant to wetland hydrology
44
Q

Inputs on a farm (3)

A

Feed, water, fertilizer

45
Q

Exports on a farm (3)

A

Manure, milk, meat

Soil Science (5 decks)

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