Test #2 Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
A walled-off, deep & painful, firm or fluctuant mass enclosing a collection of pus
A
Furuncles
2
Q
An extremely painful, deep, interconnected aggregate of infected, abscessed follicles
A
Carbuncle
3
Q
What are tx options for furuncles & carbuncles?
A
Tea tree oil Echinacea Oregano oil Vit C Burdock root Zinc
4
Q
Superficial infection of the epidermis caused by Staph. Aureus. Charac. by golden-yellow (honey colored) crusted vesicles to large bullae, erosion or ulcers. M/C around the nose & mouth but can appear anywhere.
A
Impetigo
5
Q
Similar to impetigo but less common & involves the deeper tissue of the skin. Usually caused by group A beta-hemolytic strep. Seen on pos. aspect of thighs & buttocks of children
A
Ecthyma
6
Q
An inflammation of the lymphatic channels that occurs as a result of infection at a site distal to the channel.
A
Lymphangitis
7
Q
Benign vascular lesions that occur M/C’ly on the acral skin of children.
A
Pyogenic granuloma
8
Q
Common skin condition affecting children & occasionally young adults. Several round or oval slightly scaly pink patches appear, leaving pale marks when the redness has faded. More apparent in the summer
A
Pityriasis Alba
9
Q
Rash of unknown cause which lasts about six weeks. Usually resolves spontaneously. A single herald patch usually develops on the trunk 1-2 wks prior to exanthematous phase which includes fine scaling papules & plaques. Dull pink or tawny in color
A
Pityriasis Rosea
10
Q
Mainly affects the young & old. Causes vulvuvaginitis & often has an abrupt onset usually the week before menstruation. Symptoms include prurutis, cheesy white discharge, vaginal soreness, burning, pain w/ intercourse & urination. Can appear as a beefy red denuded, glistening areas w/ surrounding satellite papules & pustules
A
Candidiasis
11
Q
Fungus that live on the skin & are capable of infecting nonviable keratinized skin, hair, & nails
A
Dermatophytes
12
Q
Condition caused by fungus
A
Dermatophytosis
13
Q
Epidermal fungus
A
Epidermomycosis
14
Q
Fungus of the hair
A
Trichomycosis
15
Q
Fungus of the nails
A
Onychomycosis
16
Q
Fungal infection of the feet. Found often in hot, humid weather, occlusive footwear, excessive sweating.
A
Tinea Pedis
17
Q
What are tx options for tinea pedis?
A
Tea tree
Oregano oil
Garlic
Grapefruit seed extract
18
Q
Fungal infection of the hands w/ diffuse hyperkeratosis of the palms & fingers. Usually on the dominant hand only
A
Tinea Manuum
19
Q
Fungal infection of the groin, pubic region & thighs. Scrotum an penis are not usually involved.
A
Tinea Cruris
20
Q
Fungal infection of the trunk, legs, arms & neck
A
Tinea Corporis
21
Q
Fungal infection of the face.
A
Tinea Facialis
22
Q
Fungal infection of the scalp.
A
Tinea Capitis
23
Q
Fungal infection in the beard-line. Only in adult males
A
Tinea Barbae
24
Q
Chronic asymptomatic noncontagious scaling of the skin assoc. w/ superficial fungal infection. Appears mainly in summer & fades in cooler months. Lesions are macules, sharply marginated, round or oval, varying in size. Appear light brown on untanned skin, white on tanned skin, dark brown on dark skin. Mostly found on upper trunk, upper arms, neck & abdomen, axillae, groin, thighs, & genitalia
A
Pityriasis Versicolor
25
Basically head & body lice.
Pediculosis (Pediculus Humanus capitis = head lice, pediculus humanus corpis = body lice)
26
Caused from mites & spread by skin-to-skin contact. Pruritic, found most often in young adults, elderly, & bedridden. Skin lesions seen as gray or skin colored ridges (burrows) that are linear or wavy w/ minute vesicle or papule at the end of each tunnel
Scabies
27
Complex multi-system ds from bite of infected deer tick. Initial stage is annular erythema at the site of the tick bite. Red papule spreads outward & forms a plaque w/ the center clearing. Eventually leads to heart irregularities, HAs, & arthralgia
Lyme Disease
28
Ds transmitted by insect vectors. Symptoms include abrupt onset of fever, severe HA, generalized myalgia of the back & legs. May have no rash at first or may have a small rash of pink macule that begins on wrist, forearms, or ankles
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (Rickettsia)
29
Acute infection transmitted by handling the flesh of infected animals, by the bite of an insect, by ingestion, or inhalation. Often seen in young males during rabbit hunting season.
Tularemia
30
A skin rash caused by an allergic reaction to an infestation w/ certain parasites of birds & mammals. Develops on exposed areas of the skin after contact w/ these larval forms when they mistakenly penetrate the person's skin
Swimmer's Itch AKA Cercarial dermatitis
31
Parasitic skin infection caused by hookworm larvae that usually infest cats, dogs, & other animals. Humans can be infected w/ te larvae by walking barefoot on sandy beaches or contacting moist soft soil that have been contaminated w/ animal feces.
Cutaneous Larva Migrans
32
Mask of pregnancy. Acquired light brown or dark-brown symmetric macular hyperpigmentation that occurs most. Often on the face, cheeks, forehead, nose or upper lip & chin
Melasma AKA Chloasma
33
A skin disorder charac. by darkening & thickening of the skin, occurring mainly in the folds of the skin in the axilla, groin, & back of the neck. Commonly found in diabetics & obese pts
Acanthosis Nigricans
34
Inherited ds that demonstrates totally white macules w/o melanocytes. Often assoc w/ thyroid ds or diabetes mellitus. May be autoimmune, neurogenic, or self destruction. Macules are chalk or pale to off-white in color & gradually enlarge. Occurs mainly around the eyes, mouth, on the digits, elbows, knees, low back area
Vitiligo
35
Group of genetic alterations of the melanin pigment system that affects the skin, hair, follicles, & eyes. May include some alterations of the pathways of the CNS. Result from the absence of the activity of the enzyme tyrosinase
Albinism
36
Composed of wheals. Hives or "welts" are red, itchy, & raised areas of the skin. Result of histamine & other compounds that are released from the mast cells
Urticaria
37
What is acute urticaria often caused by?
Upper respiratory infections
| Drugs
38
Same pathological process as urticaria but involves deeper skin tissues & generally lasts longer than urticaria. M/C around eyes, lips, hands, & feet
Angioedema
39
A serious multisystem autoimmune ds that is based on polyclonal B cell immunity, which involves connective tissue & blood vessels. Clinical s/s are skin lesions, fatigue, fever, weight loss, malaise, arthralgia, or arthritis, & abdominal pain, & CNS problems
SLE
40
Chronic skin ds that is charac. by sharply marginated, scaly, red disc-like plaques that occur on habitually sun exposed areas. Lesions are bright red papules that evolve into plaques that show adherent scaling that are difficult to remove & when done, show "spines" on the undersurface that look like carpet tacks
Chronic Cutaneous (Discoid) Lupus Erythematosus
41
Systemic ds charac. by violaceous inflammatory changes of the eyelids & periorbital areas. Erythema of the face, neck, & upper trunk. Reddish or bluish-purple patches, mostly on sun exposed areas. Flat topped violaceous papules over the knuckles. Some pts have swollen joints & raynaud phenomenon
Dermatomysitis
42
How is dermatomysitis dx?
Blood test for elevated CK, & sometimes aldolase, AST, & LDH
43
Chronic recurrent, intensely pruritic eruption occuring symmetrically on extremities & the trunk. Tiny vesicles, papules, & urticarial plaques commonly seen on extensor areas (elbows, knees, buttocks) Assoc. w/ gluten allergy or gluten-sensitive enteropathy
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
44
Inflammation of the blood vessels in the skin. Can affect any of the vessels in the skin including capillaries, venules, arterioles, & lymphatics. Can be d/t any of several different causes & can have a wide variety of clinical presentations.
Cutaneous Vasculitis
45
Self limited epidermal pox. Transmission usually sexual contact in adults but can manifest in children on the face, trunk, extremities. Lesions are papules, nodules, & are pearly white or skin colored, round, oval.
Molluscum Contagiosum
46
Cutaneous infections, affects top layer of skin only. Flesh-colored papule or nodule that has a hyperkeratotic surface.
HPV AKA Verruca AKA Warts
47
AKA common wart
Verruca Vulgaris
48
AKA plantar wart
Verruca Plantaris
49
AKA flat warts
Verruca Plana
50
Common benign childhood infection w/ exanthem & lymphadenopathy. If it infects a preg. female it may cause fetal problems or malformations. Skin lesions consist of pink macules, papules that occur initially on the forehead, then spread to the face, trunk & extremities during the 1st day where they may b/co confluent
Rubella AKA German measles AKA 3 day measles
51
A highly contagious childhood viral infection w/ fever, coryza (nasal discharge), cough, conjuctivitis, enanthem & exanthem. Koplik's spots: Cluster of tiny bluish-white spots on red background. S/s are upper respiratory infection w/ bark-like cough, hacking, photophobia, malaise, fever
Measles
52
Highly contagious primary infection charac. by successive crops of pruritic vesicles appear as "small drops of water" that evolve to pustules, crusts & sometimes scars
Varicella AKA Chickenpox
53
Assoc. w/ children aged 6-24 months. Begins as constant high fever w/ morning remissions until the 4th day when it falls to normal as rash appears. Rash is small blanchable pink macules & papules mainly on the trunk & neck.
Roseola Infantum
54
Delayed abnormal reaction to UVR. Erythematous macules, papules, plaques, & vesicles. M/C on the forearms & V of neck. Appears 18-24 hours after sun exposure & lasts 7-10 days
Polymorphous Light Eruption
55
Excessive & uncontrollable sweating
Hyperhidrosis
56
Localized loss of hair in round or oval areas w/o any visible inflammation of the skin.
Alopecia Areata
57
Loss of all scalp & eyebrow hair
Alopecia Totalis
58
End stage of alopecia areata & is complete loss of all body hair
Alopecia Universalis
59
Form of superficial cutaneous cellulitis w/ marked dermal lymphatic vessel involvement presenting as a painful, bright-red, raised, edematous, indurated plaque w/ advancing raised borders, sharply marginated from the surrounding normal skin. Caused by B-hemolytic strep
Erysipelas
60
Similar to erysipelas but extends into the subcutaneous tissue. Tissue is hard on palpations & extremely painful w/ bullae formation or necrosis of skin
Cellulitis
61
Most often affects men over 50. Often starts suddenly & is more common in winter than summer. Results in small, red, bumpy spots on the central back, mid chest, & occasionally elsewhere. Spots may be blistered, crusted, or eroded. May be slight bleeding.
Transient Acantholytic Dermatosis AKA Grover's Disease
62
Predominantly affects fair-skinned individuals but it may occasionally arise in darker skin. Most often found on shins & sun-exposed parts of the forearms, White marks are usually smooth w/ a reduction in the normal skin markings, but they may be slightly scaly
Idiopathic Guttate Hypomelanosis
63
Multisystem vascular neoplasia charac. by mucocutaneous violaceous lesions & edema as well as involvement w/ the internal organs. Assoc. w/ HIV. Caused by human herpes virus 8.
Kaposi's Sarcoma
64
Acute febrile illness w/ inflammation of small-& medium-sized blood vessels throughout the body, in particular, the coronary arteries. Usually self-limiting & resolves spontaneously w/o tx. M/C in children
Kawasaki's Disease
65
Chronic skin disorder that most often affects the genital & perianal areas. Usually persists for years & can cause permanent scarring. 10x more common in women, most often over 50.
Lichen Sclerosus
66
Rare autoimmune ds causing blistering lesions. Usually idiopathic, sometimes follows infection & is rarely caused by drug allergy
Linear IgA Disease
67
Benign subcutaneous tumors, soft, rounded or lobulated & movable against overlying skin
Lipomas
68
Most often affects infants, w/ 1st patches appearing at a few months of age. Often confused w/ insect bites. Can appear on any part of the body including the scalp, face, trunk, & limbs. Over years, b/co less irritable & eventually the patches fade away.
Urticaria Pigmentosa AKA Mastocytosis
69
Arises from obstruction of the sweat ducts. M/C in hot, humid conditions
Miliaria AKA Sweat rash, prickly heat
70
Rare skin disorder which can affect the shins of insulin dependent diabetics. Cause unknown. One or more tender yellowish brown patches develop slowly on the lower legs over several months. May persist for years. May be round, oval, or an irregular shape. Center of patch may b/co shiny, pale, thinned, w/ prominent blood vessels
Necrobiosis Lipoidica Diabeticorum
71
Compulsive skin picking is a disorder charac. by the repetitive picking of one's own skin to the point of causing open sores that may bleed & leave scarring.
Neurotic Excoriation AKA dermatillomania
72
D/t a defective enzyme in the liver involved in synthesis of the red pigment in blood cells. Affected individuals develop fragile skin, sores (erosions), blisters (vesicles & bullar) & tiny cysts on the sun-exposed areas. May notice they sunburn easy. May develop mottled brown patches around eyes & increased facial hair
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda (M/C form of porphyria)
73
D/t an inherited deficiency of the enzyme ferrochelatase. Causes build-up of the chemical protoporphyrin in the skin resulting in photosensitivity. Begins early in childhood. Stinging, burning, & itching occur w/i a few minutes of sunlight exposure.
Erythropoietic protoporphyria
74
Dome shaped nodules, several mm to 2cm. Develops on sites in which persistent itching & scratching occur. Often eroded, exoriated, & sometimes even ulcerated w/ picking. Often assoc. w/ AD
Prurigo Nodularis
75
Foreign-body inflammatory reaction surrounding ingrown facial hair, which results from shaving
Pseudofolliculitis barbae
76
Name given to a groupd of connective tissue disorders that affect the elastic tissue of the skin, blood vessels, & the eyes.
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum AKA Gronblad-Strandberg syndrome
77
Multisystem disorder charac. by inflammatory, vascular, & sclerotic changes of the skin & various internal organs, especially in the lungs, heart, & GI tract
Scleroderma
78
Small dilated blood vessels near the skin or mucous membranes
Telangiectasia
79
Compulsive hair pulling. Hairs tend to be different lengths w/ an asymmetric loss of scalp hair. M/C in young girls
Trichotillomania
80
A genetic disorder charac. by hamartomas in many organs, but particularly the skin, brain, eye, kidney & heart. Skin lesions, epileptic seizures & developmental delay are the main features
Tuberous Sclerosis
81
Port Wine stain that is in the trigeminal distribution w/ vascular malformation in the eye & leptomeninges. May be assoc. w/ contralateral hemiparesis or mental retardation
Sturge-Weber Syndrome
82
Very common button like dermal nodule usually on the extremities. May be skin, pink, brown, tan or dark brown
Dermatofibroma
83
Chronic granulomatous inflammation affecting diverse organs, but present primarily as skin lesions, eye lesions, & bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy & pulmonary infiltration. Skin lesions are brownish, purple infiltrated plaques & occur mainly on the extremities, buttock, trunk & face.
Sarcoidosis
84
Distinct pruritic eruptions of pregnancy that usually begin in the 3rd trimester, most often in 1st pregnancies. Usually begins 1-2wks prior to delivery & the itching develops on the abdomen often in the striae. Small erythematous papules that quickly coalesce into urticarial plaques w/ blanched halos around the periphery of the lesion.
Pruritic Urticarial Papules & Plaques of Pregnancy (PUPPP)
85
Rare condition that is charac. by truncal obesity, moon face, acne, abdominal purple striate, HTN, fatigue, muscle weakness, decreased CHO tolerance, psychiatric disturbances, amenorrhea, & hirsutism
Cushing's Syndrome
86
Autoimmune destruction of adrenal tissue. Presents as weakness, fatigue, anorexia, & weight loss w/ abdominal pain, nausea, & diarrhea. Skin b/co hyperpigmented w/ a tan appearance
Addison's Disease
87
Assoc. w/ capillary fragility, arthralgia, & myalgia. Hemorrhagic manifestation of the skin such as eccymoses & perifollicular hemorrhage. Loosening of the teeth & bleeding of the gums
Scurvy
88
A genetic disorder of zinc absorption that begins in infancy that shows up as a triad of acral (pertaining to extremities) dermatitis, alopecia, & diarrhea
Acrodermatitis Enteropathica
89
A peculiar disorder of the skin that occurs more commonly in older adults. Typically it appears as a moist, red, or white eruption b/w the skin folds at the corners of the mouth. There may be cracks or fissures & often it is sore or tender. May be assoc. w/ riboflavin/iron deficiency
Perleche
90
Skin lesions caused by the accumulation of fat in macrophage immune cells in the skin & more rarely in the layer of fat under the skin.
Xanthoma
91
Type of scar that remains confined to the site of injury. Tend to regress in time b/co flatter & softer
Hypertrophic scar
92
Type of scar that extends beyond the site of original injury & may have clawlike extensions. May continue to expand in size for decades
Keloid
93
Benign capillary hemangioma of infancy, a soft, bright red or deep purple vascular nodule to plaques that are present at birth or soon after. Most disappear spontaneously by the 5th to 10th year
Hemangioma of Infancy AKA Strawberry angioma
94
M/C cutaneous cyst. Filled w/ keratin & lipid rich debris. Odor of rancid cheese.
Epidermoid Cyst AKA Wen, Sebaceous cyst
95
2nd M/C type of cyst. Most often on scalp of middle aged females. Often familial & may occur as multiple lesions.
Trichilemmal cyst AKA Pilar cyst, isthmus catagen cyst
96
Occurs at the site of traumatic implantation of epidermis into dermis.
Epidermal Inclusion Cyst AKA traumatic epidermoid cyst
97
Superficial white to yellow, keratin containing epidermal cyst. Located on the eyelids, cheeks, & forehead. Assoc. w/ pilosebaceous follicles
Milium
98
Pseudocyst occurs over the distal interphalangeal joint & base of nail. May contain clear gelatinous viscous fluid
Digital Myxoid Cyst AKA Mucous cyst, synovial cyst
99
Common, benign variable in appearance & color. Either simply raised or have a stalk. Asymptomatic but can b/co irritated. Can be removed w/ scissors, frozen, or tied off
Skin tags AKA acrochordon, cutaneous papilloma, soft fibroma
100
Inherited autosomal dominant condition that may present as mild or extremely disfiguring w/ pedunculated tumors & skeletal abnormalities. Cafe-au-lait macules
Neurofibromatosis
101
Chronic bacterial infection affecting the skin b/w the toes, groin, axillae & under the breasts. Lesions appear as symmetric red or brownish red macules, sharply marginated. May show scales at the edges & may appear eroded or fissured.
Erythrasma
102
Non-specific inflammation of opposed skin occurring in the sub-mammary region, axillae, groins, gluteal folds & toes. More common in obese people w/ more skin folds. May be caused by group A/B strep, candida albicans
Intertrigo
103
Acute infection of the tonsils, skin, or other sites by group A beta-hemolytic strep. Rash is finely punctate erythema, looks like a sunbrun w/ bumps
Scarlet Fever
104
Chronic granulomatous ds caused bt mycobaterium leprae. Lesions are insidious & painless erythematous or hypopigmented macules that are numb, later papules, plaques, nodules, & thickening of the skin. Peripheral nervous system demonstrates persistant parasthesia & numbness
Leprosy
