TEST 2 Flashcards
(39 cards)
1
Q
Leaves
A
- All about photosynthesis
- Increased SA to catch light
- Low volume to help facilitate gas exchange
All maximize the ability of photosynthesis
2
Q
Sessile
A
No petiole
3
Q
Exstipulate
A
No stipules
4
Q
Leflets
A
- Can be organized in different ways
- If a stem there and a terminal bind - but instead there is a leaflet
5
Q
Palmately compound leaf
A
Evolved
6
Q
Eudicot leaf
A
- Netted
- Venation pattern
- Pinately netted
- No vascular cambium
- Has guard cells only on one side
- (adaxial, poliside mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, abaxial)
7
Q
Monocot leaf
A
- Parallel venation
- Has guard cells on both sides
- (adaxial, mesophyll, abaxial)
8
Q
Leaf attachment
A
- Has one axillary bud
- 1 leaf/node -> alternate
- 2 leaves/node -> opposite
- > 3 leaves/nodes -> whorled
9
Q
Leaf modifications
A
- Spines: protection, anti herbivory, reflect excess light.
- Tendrils: climbing
- Succulent: water-storing
- Petaloid bract: pollinator attraction
- Bulb leaves - carb storage
- Bud scales - protect SAM
- Carnivore - eat prey
10
Q
Flowers
A
- Collection of organs
- 4 organs in whorls
- Carpel, stamen, petal, sepal, receptacle, pendacle
11
Q
Stamen
A
- Anther and filament
- Pollen is kept in anther
- Cross- section; chambers are called microsporangium
12
Q
Carpel
A
- Stigma (catches pollen)
- Style
- Ovary
13
Q
perfect flower
A
male AND female reproductive organs
14
Q
Imperfect flowers
A
male OR female reproductive organs
15
Q
Complete flower
A
Has all floral organs present
16
Q
Incomplete flower
A
Has missing one or more organs
17
Q
Monoecious
A
Can reproduce on their own
18
Q
Dioecious
A
Need two plants to reproduce
19
Q
Inflorescence
A
- Single shoot with with many flowers
- Differences in maturation
20
Q
Raceme
A
Flowers alternate on the peduncle
21
Q
Spike
A
- No pedicel and the flowers are connected to the peduncle
22
Q
Umbel
A
-Looks like half of the circle
23
Q
Corymb
A
Similar to raceme but longer pedicels
24
Q
Panicle
A
Has many layers
25
Ray flowers
Attraction of pollinators
| +/- fertility
26
Disc flowers
Reproduction
27
Pollination
Transfer of pollen to stigma surface
28
Pappus
Modified sepals
29
Passive pollination
- random
- wind, sometimes water
- lots of pollen made
- Very small, highly reduced flowers.
30
Active pollination
- Use a living vector
- insects, birds, mammals
- tools for pollinators (color, food, odor)
31
Insects (30% of food crop is pollinated by bees)
- Odiferous
- Yellow, blue, white
- Nectar
- Polen
- Mimicry
32
Birds (hummingbirds)
- Red, oragne
- no odor
- Nectar
33
Mammals (bats)
- White
- Larger in size
- Odiferous (smell like bats)
- Nectar
- Floral shape can help with echolocation
34
Fertilization
Egg and sperm make a zygote
35
Alternation of generations
Plants go through haploid and diploid phases.
36
Synergids
Release signal to pollen tube
37
Goals of seeds
- Fruit forms
| - Relation to seed dispersal
38
Compound fruit
```
1) aggregate (blackberry)
1 flower
many unfused carpel
2) multiple (pineapple)
many flowers
many fused carpels
```
39
Accessory fruit
Composed of more than ovary tissue (strawberry)
