Test 2

Question 1

Is mature cartilage vascular?

Answer 1

No

Question 2

Does articular cartilage have a perichondrium?

Answer 2

No

Question 3

Hyaline Cartilage

Answer 3

Flexible support structure. Collagen and elastic fibers. Most common type with clear, glassy appearance. No pericardium

Question 4

Fibrocartilage

Answer 4

Numerous, coarse, readily available proteins. Arranged as irregular bundles between large chondrocytes. Little ground structure. Resists compression– good shock absorption

Question 5

Elastic Cartilage

Answer 5

Flexible, springy cartilage. Numerous, densely packed elastic fibers within ECM. Chondrocytes closely packed by ground substance

Question 6

Another name for bone tissue

Answer 6

Osseous connective tissue

Question 7

Is Bone tissue vascular?

Answer 7

yes

Question 8

Mature Bone cells are called

Answer 8

Osteocytes

Question 9

Osteocytes are housed in the

Answer 9

lacunae

Question 10

Compact bone

Answer 10

made of neurovascular canals. Uniform. Formed in osteons

Question 11

Spongy bone

Answer 11

interior of bone that is lightweight but strong

Question 12

Functions of bone

Answer 12

Support/Protection. As Levers. Hemopoiesis (process of blood cell production). Storage of mineral and energy reserves

Question 13

What repeating structural unit is compact bone organized into?

Answer 13

Latticework

Question 14

Minerals stored within bone tissue?

Answer 14

Calcium and phosphorous (helps with bone building)

Question 15

Hematopoiteic

Answer 15

Type of reticular CT that makes blood cells

Question 16

4 classifications of bones, description, and example

Answer 16

Long bone: greater length than width–femur. Short: length nearly equal to width–patella. Flat: thin surfaces that are slightly curved for good surface area–Scapulae. Irregular: Elaborate and complex shape. Ossa coxa.

Question 17

Diaphysis

Answer 17

Long bone shaft that provides leverage and major weight support

Question 18

Medullary cavity

Answer 18

Hollow cylindrical within diaphysis for bone marrow

Question 19

Epiphysis

Answer 19

Expanded, knobby region at the ends of long bone (proximal and distal)

Question 20

Articular cartilage

Answer 20

Cover of the joint surface of an epiphysis. Hyaline. Reduces friction and absorbs some shock for joints

Question 21

Epiphysial plate

Answer 21

Bone widens and transforms from diaphysis and epiphysis. Layer of hyaline allows for length growth

Question 22

Epiphysial line

Answer 22

Thin, defined area of compact bone

Question 23

Periosteum

Answer 23

Tough sheath covering of the outer surface of bone

Question 24

Periforating ribers

Answer 24

Periosteum anchored here. Runs perpendicular ot diaphysis

Question 25

Endosteum

Answer 25

Very thin layer of CT. Has osteoprogenitor cells, osteo blasts, osteoclasts. Covers all internal surfaces of bone within medulla cavity. Active during bone growth, repair, remodelling

Question 26

Two classifications of bones

Answer 26

Spongy and compact

Question 27

Red bone marrow

Answer 27

Contains reticular CT, develops blood vessels. In axial skeleton (except facial bones) and anatomical heads of humerus and head of femur.

Question 28

Yellow bone marrow

Answer 28

Fatty appearance from the increase of adipocytes over red marrow. Can revert to red bone marrow if the body needs more blood

Question 29

Complete severing of bone part

Answer 29

Avulsion

Question 30

Fracture of the distal end of the lateral forearm bone: dinner fork

Answer 30

Colles

Question 31

Bone splintered into several small pieces between main parts

Answer 31

Comminuted

Question 32

Bone broken into two or more pieces

Answer 32

Complete

Question 33

Bone does not break skin

Answer 33

Simple

Question 34

Broken bone ends protrude skin

Answer 34

Compound

Question 35

Bone is squashed

Answer 35

Compression

Question 36

Broken bone forms concavity

Answer 36

Depressed

Question 37

Fractured bone parts are out of anatomical alignment

Answer 37

Displaced

Question 38

Epiphyseal separated from diaphysis

Answer 38

Epiphyseal

Question 39

Partial fracture: only one side breaks

Answer 39

Greenstick

Question 40

Fine crack in which sections of bone remain aligned

Answer 40

Hairline

Question 41

One fragment of bone driven into another

Answer 41

Impacted

Question 42

Partial fracture extends only partway across the bone

Answer 42

Incomplete

Question 43

Fracture is parallel to the long axis of the bone

Answer 43

Linear

Question 44

Diagonal fracture

Answer 44

Oblique

Question 45

Weakening of bone caused by disease

Answer 45

Pathologic

Question 46

Fracture is at the distal ends of tibia and fibula

Answer 46

Pott

Question 47

Fracture spirals around axis of long bone: twisting stress

Answer 47

Spiral

Question 48

Fracture occurred due to repeated stress impact

Answer 48

Stress

Question 49

Fracture is at right angles to the long axis of the bone

Answer 49

Transverse

Question 50

Osteoprogenitor cells

Answer 50

Stem cells from mesenchyme that divide via cellular division to produce “commuted cells” that turn to osteoblasts. In periosteum and endosteum

Question 51

Osteoblasts

Answer 51

Synthesize and secrete osteoid which calcifies. Becomes trapped in matrix and becomes osteocytes

Question 52

Osteocytes

Answer 52

Mature bone cells. Cytoplasmic projections keep cells together. Maintain bone matrix and detect mechanical stress

Question 53

Osteoclasts

Answer 53

Large multicellular cells from bone marrow that involve bone reabsorption

Question 54

Cartilage interstitial growth

Answer 54

Chondrocytes undergo mitotic cell development and two cells share a lacunae and become chondroblasts. They synthesize and secrete new matrix which pushes them apart. Becomes chondrocytes

Question 55

Appositional cartilage growth

Answer 55

Stem cells in perichondrium stat to device

Question 56

Five zones of interstitial bone growth and what they do

Answer 56

Zone of resting cartilage — Small constrictors are distributed throughout the cartilage matrix.; Zone of proliferating cartilage: Chondrocytes undergo rapid mitotic cell division and enlargement to push the Epiphyseal and dialysis away from each other.; Zone of hypertrophic cartilage: older Chondrocytes cease dividing and undergo hypertrophy then reabsorb into the matrix.; Zone of calcified cartilage: 2-3 layers of dead chondrocytes that deposit minerals into the matrix.; Zone of ossification: walls between lacunae break down and osteoprogenitor cells from medullary cavity film the space and develop into osteoblasts to make new matrix