TEST 2 Flashcards by linnn singg

Which of the following types of ridges are “counted” in the primary Henry classification of a set of prints?
a.All of the above
b. Whorls
c.Arches
d. Loops

whorls

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A radial loop:
a.Always opens toward the left
b. Comprises 50 percent of all fingerprints
c.Is a type of whorl pattern
d. Opens toward the thumb side of the hand

Opens toward the thumb side of the hand

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IAFIS is:
a. A type of automated searching system for fingerprints
b. An abbreviation for a type of chemical that is used to cause fingerprints to fluoresce
c. A federal agency that sets standards for forensic evidence analysis
d. The International Association that sets standards for fingerprint analysis

A type of automated searching system for fingerprints

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Ruhemann’s purple is:
a. The color that Rhodamine 6G emits when an argon laser is shined on it
b. Formed from the reaction of cyanoacrylate with fingerprint residues
c. Formed from the reaction of silver nitrate and fingerprint residues
d. Formed from the reaction of ninhydrin with fingerprint residues

Formed from the reaction of ninhydrin with fingerprint residues

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Which of the following is NOT a type of whorl pattern:
Tented arch
Double loop
Accidental
Central pocket loop

tented arch

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Alphonse Bertillion was famous for:
Recognizing that fingerprints were individual
Developing a system of body measurements to identify people
Discovering Super Glue fuming
Discovering ninhydrin

Developing a system of body measurements to identify people

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When AFIS searches its database of fingerprints it searches for which types of patterns:
Whorls and loops
Ridge endings and enclosures
Ridge endings and bifurcations
Arches and loops

Ridge endings and bifurcations

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Iodine fumes adhere to what type of fingerprint residue:
Amino acids
Salts
Water
Lipids and fats

lipids and fats

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Ninhydrin reacts with what type of fingerprint residue:
Water
Salts
Lipids and fats
Amino acids

Amino acids

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Three dimensional footwear evidence can be preserved by:
Dusting
Fuming
Casting
Photography

casting

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Tire impressions are important because:
They match the type of vehicle
They can be matched to a specific tire
They show directions
They are permanent

They can be matched to a specific tire

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one type of fingerprint with two deltas

whorl

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one type of fingerprint with no deltas

arch

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change of phase from solid directly to gas

sublimation

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A liquid fluorescent dye used to enhance fingerprints

Rhodamine 6G

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Which of the following is NOTa good practice in taking requested handwriting exemplars?
Use the same type of writing implement and paper as the questioned document
Collect a lot of writing samples
Dictate the requested exemplar
Have the subject copy the questioned document

Have the subject copy the questioned document

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Have the subject copy the questioned document

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Which of the following is NOT an example of a questioned document?
All of the above are examples of questioned documents
A copy of a ten dollar bill made in a photocopier
A stolen traveler’s check
A forged passport
A threatening message written in spray paint on the side of someone’s house

All of the above are examples of questioned documents

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Which of the following is NOT true of a questioned document examiner?
They usually perform two to three year apprenticeships with a practicing questioned document examiner
There is an opportunity for a questioned document examiner to achieve certification after training
Questioned document examiners do not have to have a college degree to become certified.
They can learn their craft solely by getting a college degree in questioned document examination

Questioned document examiners do not have to have a college degree to become certified.

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Which of the following is NOT an acceptable method for revealing indented writing?
ESDA
Rubbing with a pencil lead
Intense lighting
Oblique lighting

Rubbing with a pencil lead

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Which of the following methods is used for the comparison of ink samples?
Gas chromatography
Fluorescence spectroscopy
Thin layer chromatography
Infrared spectrophotometry

Thin layer chromatography

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In the Mormon will case, discussed in the beginning of this chapter, one of the characteristics of the will that indicated that it was NOT Howard Hughes’ writing was:
It was written in pencil
It was not signed
It was entirely handwritten
It was written in a forced, halting manner

It was written in a forced, halting manner

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Which of the following is NOT true of handwriting?
It is a subconscious behavior
It can change with the context of the writing
It changes throughout life
It is not affected by drugs or alcohol

It is not affected by drugs or alcohol

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Which of the following practices of collecting exemplars will help to minimize the chance of a writer deliberately altering his writing?
Always use lined paper to make sure that the subject writes in a straight line
Dictate long passages
Have the subject stand up while writing
Show the subject the questioned document

Dictate long passages

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ESDA is used mainly for: Identifying ink Determining that a document is a photocopy Determining the age of a handwritten document Reading indented writing

Reading indented writing

Which of the following is most likely to develop individual characteristics when it is used over a long period of time? Dot matrix printing Photocopying Laser jet printing Typewriting

Typewriting

Method of teaching printing

palmer method

Rifling of a barrel refers to: The lands and grooves in the barrel Extractor markings The stria in the barrel The firing pin impression

The lands and grooves in the barrel

Which markings will NOT be found on a cartridge casing fired from a revolver? Extractor markings Breechface markings Firing pin impressions

Extractor markings

Which of the following is a class characteristic of a fired bullet or cartridge casing? Ejector markings Bullet striations Breechface markings Number of lands and grooves

Number of lands and grooves

Which of the following is true of distance-of-firing determinations of shotguns? Intermediate targets have no effect on distance-of-firing determinations Distance of firings cannot be determined with shotguns The same weapon and ammunition must be used to determine the distance of firing When a human being is the target, distance-of-firing determinations are easy because all of the pellets usually hit the target

The same weapon and ammunition must be used to determine the distance of firing

Which of the following is true about stria in a barrel of a gun? They are class characteristics They never change as the weapon is fired repeatedly They are initially made by the tool that makes the barrel They are present in all weapons

They are initially made by the tool that makes the barrel

The major propellant used in firearms today is: Sodium azide Black powder Smokeless powder Mercury fuminate

Smokeless powder

Which of the following is NOT a rifled weapon? Machine gun Shotgun Submachine gun Pistol

shotgun

Today, "caliber" is defined in the United States as: The length of the bullet in inches The distance from the bottom of the opposite grooves in the barrel The diameter of the base of the cartridge in the thousandth of inches The distance from the top of opposite lands in the barrel

The diameter of the base of the cartridge in the thousandth of inches

Which of the following is true about serial number restoration? The metal below a stamped serial number is more dense than the surrounding metal, making it slower to dissolve in an etching solution The metal below a stamped serial number is strained, making it faster to dissolve in etching solution than the surrounding metal Serial numbers can be restored on any surface Once restored, serial numbers remain visible permanently

The metal below a stamped serial number is strained, making it faster to dissolve in etching solution than the surrounding metal

in the Sacco-Vanzetti case discussed at the beginning of the chapter, the jury based its guilty finding mainly on: Sacco's admission of guilt on the stand in his trial The fact that the type of ammunition used in the killings was very rare and only the defendants had any of it The matching striations on the bullets to Sacco's gun as determined by a firearms examiner The fact that all of the firearms examiners for the defense and prosecution agreed that the bullets taken from the dead guard matched Sacco's weapon

The fact that the type of ammunition used in the killings was very rare and only the defendants had any of it

Determining the path of a bullet is considered to be part of the study of: Ballistics Firearms identification Toolmark identification Trajectories

Ballistics

Which of the following weapons does NOT have rifling in the barrel? Shotgun Revolver Handgun Pistol

Shotgun

A metal device that grips a cartridge after firing

extractor

A pressure activated explosive mixture in a gun

primer

Which of the following is NOT a manner of death? natural causes accidental suicide homicide heart attack

heart attack

The original function of the coroner in medieval England was: legal adviser to the King tax collector town crier pathologist surgeon

tax collector

Today, the medical examiner: determines cause and manner of death is appointed performs all of these functions signs the death certificate must be a physician

performs all of these functions

If a body has been discovered several days after death, the PMI may be determined by: Rigor mortis Livor mortis none of these insect activity bloating

insect activity

Settling of the blood to the lower parts of the body after death is called: bloating none of these Livor mortis Rigor mortis Algor mortis

Livor mortis

Analysis of the blood and body fluids to determine if drugs or poisons contributed to the death is part of: clinical pathology anatomic pathology systemic pathology the coroner's responsibility none of these

clinical pathology

Which of the following is not a duty of a pathologist who attends a crime scene when a body is discovered? make sure the person is dead supervise the search for trace evidence around the body collect data concerning the PMI begin the autopsy authorize transport of the body to the morgue

begin the autopsy

When someone has been poisoned by carbon monoxide, the main pattern of injury is: accelerated rigor mortis hemorrhaging in the eyes red coloration of the skin blue coloration around the eyes bleeding around the mouth

red coloration of the skin

When someone has been killed by a contact shot, the area around the wound shows: little if any bleeding blackening and swelling a large entry wound lots of stippling a wound the size of the caliber of the bullet

blackening and swelling

Which of the following circumstances surrounding a death would be least likely to be investigated by the medical examiner or coroner? A heart attack in an elderly woman while at home A death in the hospital during major surgery A boy killed while deer hunting A death in a two car auto crash A body hidden under some brush in the woods

A death in the hospital during major surgery

Stiffening of the joints after death

rigor mortis

Examination of the body after death

autopsy

cooling of the body after death

algor mortis

Time since death

PMI

Pooling of blood into lower parts after death

livor mortis

Fingerprints individual or class

individual

Toolmarks individual or class

individual

Tire treads (both new and used) individual or class

class

Footwear treads (both new and used) class or individual

class

Bullet casings class or individual

class

Slugs class or individual

class

Toolmarks class or individual

individual

Handwriting class or individual

individual

class evidence

properties of physical evidence that can be associated only with a group and never with a single source. If evidence is determined to possess class characteristics it may serve as a mechanism to reduce the number of suspects, but it cannot be directly connected to one person or source

individual evidence

properties of physical evidence that can be attributed to a common source with a high degree of certainty.

henrys system of fingerprint classification

Henry's classification system assigned a value to each individual finger. Fingers number 1 and 2, being the right thumb and right index, held a value of 16. Fingers number 3 and 4, the right middle and ring, held a value of 8, and so on.

What are level 1, level 2, and level 3 details on fingerprints?

Level 1 (pattern), Level 2 (minutiae points) and Level 3 (pores and ridge shape).

TEST 2 Flashcards

(68 cards)