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Early American > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Articles of Confederation take effect

A

1781

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2
Q

Northwest Ordinance

A

1787

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3
Q

U.S. Constitution ratified

A

1788

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4
Q

Eli Whitney manufactured the cotton gin

A

1793

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5
Q

Supreme Court issues Marbury v. Madison decision

Louisiana Purchase

A

1803

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6
Q

International slave trade ended in the United States

A

1808

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7
Q

Missouri Compromise

A

1819-1820

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8
Q

Erie Canal completed

A

1825

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9
Q

Andrew Jackson elected president

A

1828

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10
Q

Supreme Court issues Cherokee Nation v. Georgia decision

A

1831

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11
Q

Eastern Indians forced West on the “Trail of Tears”

A

1838-1839

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12
Q

Irish potato famine

A

1845

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13
Q

Alien and Sedition Acts (Date)

A

-1798
-Gave president extraordinary power to violate civil liberties
-Limited freedom of speech, press, and liberty of aliens
-The Naturalization Act changed the citizenship requirement for immigrants from 5 to 14 years
-Alien Friends Act allowed the president to jail and deport dangerous aliens

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14
Q

Jeffersonian Republicans

A

-Also known as Democratic Republicans or Republicans
-Mostly southerners
-Wanted to remain a rural nation of small farmers
-Distrusted the national government and interpreted the constitution strictly
-Led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison

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15
Q

Northwest Ordinance (Date)

A

-Third major land policy, passed in 1787
-New territories would eventually become states
-Slavery would be banned from the region North of the Ohio River
-Promised to not take Indian lands without consent (repeatedly broken)
-Once the territory’s population reached 60k free inhabitants the males could draft a constitution and apply to congress for statehood

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16
Q

Bank of the United States (Date)

A

-Created in 1791
-Held the government’s revenues and payed its bills
-Provided loans to the federal government
-manage the nation’s money supply by regulating the power of state chartered banks to issue currency
- Had eight branches in major cities a few years after creation

17
Q

Marbury v. Madison

A

-1803
-Presided over by Chief Justice John Marshall
-Granted the Supreme Court the right of judicial review
-Marbury’s commission was not delivered
-Ruled Marbury deserved his judgeship

18
Q

Louisiana Purchase

A

-May 2, 1803 US payed 15 mill for the territory
-Doubled the size of the US
-Constitution didn’t say anything purchasing land
-Jefferson flipped his side from strict interpretation to loose
-Purchase included 875,000 square miles of land

19
Q

Hartford Convention (Date)

A

-December 15,1814
-Federalist delegates proposed seven constitutional amendments designed to limit Republican political power
-Abolish the counting of slaves towards representation
-Limiting the president to one term
-Federalist ideas were ignored by congress and the president

20
Q

The Embargo Act of 1807

A

-Stopped all American foreign trade
-Prohibited US ships from sailing to foreign ports
-Enacted in order to protect US ships and seamen
-Neither France nor Britain were intimidated by the loss of trade
-Destroyed the US’s economy dropping the economy from 48 mill to 9 mill a year later

21
Q

Erie Canal

A

-1825
-Connected the Great Lakes and the Midwest to the Hudson River and New York
-New York Governor DeWitt Clinton promoted the canal
-Longest canal in the world extending 363 miles
-Forty feet wide and four feet deep

22
Q

Lowell System

A

-Sought to develop ideal industrial communities
-Led by Francis Cabot Lowell
-Located mills along rivers in the country side and lined the streets with trees and flowers (good working conditions)
-Young women from farm families were the first factory workers
-1834 the Lowell women went on strike to protest wage cuts and bad working conditions

23
Q

Know-Nothings (Date)

A

-1849
-Known officially as the American Party
-When asked about the organization told to say “I know nothing”
-Demanded immigrants and Roman Catholics be excluded from public office
-Wanted naturalization to be extended from 5 to 21 years

24
Q

Irish Immigrants

A

-First arrived in British America in significant numbers in 1720s
-Almost 80% of infants born to Irish died
-The average Irishman ate 5 pounds of potatoes a day
-Most were poor and crowed into filthy tenement houses
-Many employers posted signs saying “No Irish Need Apply”

25
Q

Internal Improvements (Date)

A

-Construction of roads, bridges, canals, and harbors
-1817, John C Calhoun urged the house to fund internal improvements
-Nation needed a network of roads running east to west
-Federal power argued the constitution didn’t allow for the gov to fund these activities
-Support came from the West and opposition was centered in New England

26
Q

Missouri Compromise

A

-Illinois senator Jesse Thomas revised the Missouri Compromise
-Admitted Missouri as a slave state
-Prohibited slavery in the Louisiana purchase territory north of latitude 36 30
-Admitted Maine as a free state
-Maintained the political balance of free and slave states

27
Q

Monroe Doctrine (Date)

A

-American continents were not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any EU powers
-US would oppose any attempt by EU nations to impose their political power anywhere in the hemisphere
-US would not interfere with the remaining EU colonies
-US would keep out of EU Affairs
-December 1823

28
Q

Corrupt Bargain

A

-Clay endorsed Adams to help him win the election
-Adams made Clay Secretary of State after he won
-Election of 1824
-Jackson won but did not have a majority of the voters
-American politics entered an era of bad feelings after the election results

29
Q

Tariff of Abominations

A

-1828
-South Carolina blamed their economic problems on this tariff
-Taxed British textiles coming into the US markets
-Tariff on imported cloth hurt southern cotton growers by reducing British demand
-Favored NE textile over southern agriculture

30
Q

Force Bill (Date)

A

-1833 (Calhoun)
-Authorized the use of the US army to force states to comply with federal law
-Created to solve the nullification crisis in SC
-Lead to the compromise tariff
-SC later nullified the force bill

31
Q

Indian Removal Act (Date)

A

-May 1830
-Forced 74,000 to move to federal lands west of the Mississippi River
-Ignored previous treaties
-Cherokees responded by saying “we see nothing but ruin before us”
-Opponents said it would bring enduring shame on the nation

32
Q

Trail of Tears

A

-800 mile forced journey
-17,000 Cherokees evicted and moved west
-4,000 died to disease, starvation, exposure
-Southern Appalachians to Indian territory
-1838 Martin Van Buren (president)

Early American (2 decks)

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