Test 2 Flashcards
(116 cards)
1
Q
The visual appearance of chromosomes in the nuclei
A
Kayotype(1)
2
Q
the study of genes and their functions and related techniques. All genes and their inter relationships to identify the growth development of the organism
A
Genomics (1)
3
Q
The study of heredity function and composition of the single genes
A
gentics (1)
4
Q
between Turner and Klinefleters syndrome which is monosamy x and which is triosomy xxy
A
Turner= monosamy x
Klinefleters sydnrome =triosomy xxy(2)
5
Q
This syndrome is characterized when an “x” is absent (webbed thick neck, candiac prob, widespread nipples
A
Turner syndrome (2)
6
Q
Ovulation
A
The release of egg (4)
7
Q
Gamete
A
(egg & sperm formation)
8
Q
fetilization
A
union of gametes
9
Q
How much iron should be consumed
A
30 mg/day
10
Q
liver, meats, whole grain, deep green leafy vegetables, legumes, dried fruit are all considered apart of this essential nutrient in food
A
Iron
11
Q
fortified cereals & grain, green leafy vegetable, oranges, broccoli, asparagus, artichokes, & liver)
A
Folic acid foods
12
Q
400-600 mg/day of this should be taken to prevent nuro tube defects in pregnancy
A
Folic Acid dosage
13
Q
Mitotic replication begins as zygote travels the uterine tube this is called
A
cleavage (6)
14
Q
How many days, luna months, calender months and wks is pregancacy
A
appox 280 days 10 Lunal months 9 calendar 40 wekks [6]
15
Q
what is this stage of interuterine development 1st 14 days)
A
Ovum or Preembryonic [6]
16
Q
what is this stage of interuterine development 15 days to8 wks
A
embryo [6]
17
Q
hat is this stage of interuterine development 8 weeks until birth
A
fetus [6]
18
Q
____cm from crown to rump or or 15 days to 8 weeks is which phase of intrauterine development
A
Embroyo and 3 cm from crown to rump [6]
19
Q
What is the most critical and vuneralbe stage to fetal development & when are people recognized as people
A
critical: embryo
Peps: 8 wks all organs and external structure are present [6]
20
Q
How many arteries and veins does the umblical cord have and how long is it? Remember The cord is usually located centrally with the blood vessels fanned out to all parts of the placenta
A
Arteries 2 (carry blood from the embryo) right veins 1 (carry blood to embryo) left 55 cm at therm (7)
21
Q
This prevents compression of vessels
A
Whartons Jelly (which is loose mesenchyme with intercellular ground substance )
22
Q
This is a Functional unit of utero placenta circulation. Exchange of gases & nutrients across these vascular systems. There are__-___ of them and by day __________ this is in circulation and what else is happening.
A
The 15-20 cotyledons of teh placenta by 17 heart beats as well
23
Q
During this period of refinement of structure the womb child matures and is less vuneralbe to tetrogens except those affecting ______
A
the CNS
24
Q
what are the days and weeks of the following periods in a womb childs development: Ovum or pre-embroyotic, embryo, fetus
A
Ovum day 1-14
Embryo day 15- 8 or 9 weeks
Fetus 8 or 9 weeks until birth
25
what is EDC
Estimated Date of Confinement
26
What is EDD
Estimated date of delivery
27
What is EDB
Estimated date of birth
28
Based on a 28 day cyclewith conception on 14thday this EDC is discovered by taking the first day of the LMP and subtracting 3 months then adding 7 days and a year
Nagele's Rule
you can also add 9 months and 7 days
29
Nagele's Rule is Based on a ____day cycle the EDC is discovered by taking the__ day of the LMP and subtracting ___ months then adding ___ days and _______
```
28 day with conception on 14 day
1st day of LMP
3 months
7 days
One year
```
30
what is Goodell sign?
Cervical softening (Cervice like service is good-hey)
31
What is chadwicks sign
When vaginal mucousa is a bluish color b/c of increased vascularity
32
Pigment change or "line negra" is a ____indicator of pregnancy bellybutton to labia
probable
33
what is the hormone that may pregnancy
HCG Human chorionic gonadtropin ( 8 days after concpetion max level at 50to 70 days
34
What is ballotment
Rebound of the fetus against examiner hand
35
The rushing of blood through the uterus to the placenta is called
Uterine soufflee.
36
what is Gravididty "GRAVA"
This term refers to pregnancy in general think Grava big like grande
37
Paritity "para'
of pregnancy that reached viablity (AKA 20 wks)
38
If rubella titers is less than __:____ (negative) immunize within ________wks after devlieray
1:10
| six weeks
39
Which of the following is not considered apart of the TORCH screening for infections
a. toxoplmosis f. TB
b. Rubella g. cytomeglo virus
C. Measals h. Mumps
d.Varicella I. Group beta streptococcus
e. Hepatitis J. Herpes simplex 1
```
D. Varicella
F. TB
H. Mumps
Maybe I
J. Herpes simplex 1 because it is type 2of HSV
```
40
what does torch stand for
```
T: toxoplamos
R: rubella
O: other infections
C: cytomegloviurs
H: herpes simplex-2
```
41
What is the most common cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis
Group beta streptococuss
early onset: first seven days ussualy w/in 24 hr
Late onset: 1 wk-3months ussualy 24 days
42
what is the main cause of fetal and neonatla health problems
Congential anomalis. b/t nicu helps survival rates babes <1500g.
43
what is the only test that can evaluate fetal compromise before intrauterine asphyxia and
No test it's a joint number of tests
44
IF there is a suspciious/ __________ response to EFM
suspecious/equivocal, do AFI , coninue for 20 -60 min, repeat if necssary
45
If there a pathological/_____ response EFM what action should be taken?
COnsider delivery for abnormal/pathological response, contine for 20-60 min, biophyscial profile
46
If there is a reassuring/________ resposne to EFM
Normal/reasurring Do AFIand or repeat and afi weekly or more often
47
Give the equation for the mean arteirial pressure. IF it is over _______ then this in considered Preeclampsia. This is based on ___measuremetns
Systolic +2 (diastolic) all divided by 3
| based on 2 measurements
48
Proteneruia is when it is _______mg/dl in 2 random urnie speciments or more than ______ mg/dl in a 24 hr period
30 mg/dl in two randoms
| 300 in 24 hr period
49
In trainsiet hypertension bp returns to normal ____ wks after delivery
12 weeks
50
What is severe and normal preeclampsia
```
severe preeclampsia 160/110
preeclampsia 140/90
OR
mAP mean arterial pressure of 105 or up
OR
30 mmg over baseline systolic
and 15 mmg over basline diastolic
```
51
What is protenuria for sever preeclampsia
seever is greater than 5g with 160/110
| oliguria, altered loc, ha viusal probs ru liver epigastric pain
52
When hypertension is present in pregnancy before 20 weeks gestatation it is considered
Chronic hypertension
53
when does an L/S ratio indicate mature fetal lungs
>2 mg/dl
54
When does creatinine levels indicate gestational age of 37 weeks
>2 mg/dl
55
When high this indicates neuro tube defects
| what is it and what does it indicate when low
AFP (Alpha-fetoprotien)
| Low =down syndrome
56
When is an AFP conducted on maternal blood
4-8 weeks in
57
_______ most common medical complication of pregnancy Incidence 5-8% of all pregnancy not terminated in 1st trimester
Hypertension
58
Pregers should lay on ____, bedrest for ____hrs and not ave a wt gain of _____kg/wk
left side lay, 12hrs bed rest, 2kg/wk
59
Magnesiium sulfate & ______ are given to encourage utrerus contractions also given during PIH. IT helps reduce muscle irrability so decreases chance of seizure doesn't lower bp
oxytocin
60
what is mag suflfate loading dose, then normal dosage , therapuetic level and how ofetn should it be checked, lso be checked when on thwhat should ais med
"feel miserable on this med"
```
Loading dose 4-6g over 15-30 min
Therapeutic 4-8,
normal 1-2g/hr
check Every 2 hrs acutally every 4-6 hrs
Check also deep tendeon relfexes b/c if high then chance for deep tendon reflex
```
61
Maternal age __ are risk factors for PIH
19, 40
62
H/A severe epigastric pain (liver involvement) and hypereflexia are occuring what might this be indicateive of in a patient with severe preeclampsia.
Eclampisa
63
when Ovum implants outside ___ cavity this is an ectopic pregnancy. accounting for 2% of all pregenancy. Where are the locatiosn at
percents of 953-, 4, 1
Uterine cavitiy
Uterine tube 95%
Abdominal 3-4%
Other (ovary & cervix) 1%
64
what accounts for 10% of all maternal deaths and is the
| Leading cause of infertility
ectopic pregnancy
65
At 16 weeks gestation. 41 yr Laine presents to her doctors office. She has a blood pressure of 143/92. She complains of N/v and abdominal cramps. She is measuring large fro her pregneancy and has experienced some vaginal bleeding. An HCG titer is drawn and remains as high as it did for the first test. IT should hav dropped within 70-100 days. What is likely wrong with her.
Laine symptoms suggest a molar pregnancy aka Hydatidiform MoleGestational Trophoblastic Disease. She is also at risk now for to choriocarcinoma or PE which both occur within 20 percent of pregnancies
66
HCG levels that platueo _______times after a molar pregnancy might indicate______including rising titer and inlargeing uterus
```
3Xs
to choriocarcinoma (rapidly metastasizing malignancy)
```
67
This is the most common cause of painless bleeding in the ______ trimester of pregnancy. often around teh _____ week.
Placenta Previa
| 3rd trimester about teh 30th week
68
SVD (sponeous vagnal delvery or C/S cesarian section must be perormed if over or under this this percentage on placenta precvia
C/S if > than 30% previa
| SVD if < 30% previa & mature fetus
69
No vag exams for these two serious conditions of pregancy and vs q 15 for one and 5-15 for the other
placenta previa q15
| Abruptio Placentae q5-15
70
When the placenta is implatned in the lower uterine segment near or over cercical os this is called?
Placenta Previa
71
Urine output should be evaluted not just by 30 mL/hr b/c it's too general but by
1-2ml/kg/hr
72
Detachment of all or part of the placenta from implantation after 20 weeks adn before birth is called
Abruptio Placetna
73
Maternal HTN, Cocaine, MVA, maternal battering are all risk factors of
Abruptio Placetna
74
Advanced age,multiple fetal prgencacy, previous happening and vag delivary after c section are associated with
Placenta Previa
75
a board like abdomen with sharp stabbing pain and shock is associated with.
A. abruptio placenta
B. Placenta Previa
C. ectopic pregnacny
A. Yes.
B no bleeding, no pain
C. yes but unilateral cramps, plevic bapin and sharpness, ussually occilt bleed
76
smoking IUD, invitro, congetnail anomiles of tubes, are all high risk factors to what pregie condition
Ecptoic pregnancy
IUD b/c slows zygote throug tube
stopping contraceptive prior to pregnacny have decreased risks (unkown why)
77
Is blood pressure and pulse up or down with hyperemesis gravidarum, how much wt loss to meet crieeria
```
bp=down
pulse=up
wt. Loss 5% with:
Dehydration
Electrolyte imbalance
Ketosis
Acetonuria
```
78
How long NPO in hyperemisis and what three meds (which for refractory)
NPO 48x vomiting free
MEdS. Droperiodol (Inaspine) and Metoclopramide (reglan)
corticosteriods for refractory
79
high levels of estrogen or HCG,
transient hyperthyroidism.
Vitamin B deficiency & increased sensitivity to circulating sex steroid hormones.
Psychological factors may also play a part
are all part of the obscrue etiology of this pregnancy condition
Hyperemeiss gravadarium
80
when the Cord lies below the presenting part of fetus mothers pelviso cutting off blood flow
Occult or visable
Cord length > ___cm this can casue ______
Prolapsed cord
>100 cm
variable decelerations
81
Fetal bradycardia with variable deceleration during contraction is occuring Cord is seen or felt in or protruding from vagina. What position should be taken? what other actions
Trendelenburg, modified sims or knee chest position keeps presenting part off cord
. O2/mask at 8-10 L/min until birth.
Increase IV fluids.
Continuous FHR monitoring.
Immediate vag delivery if fully dilated or C/S if not
82
WHAT 3 position are acceptable for prolapsed cord
Trendburg, ; leggs up
modified sims: curled up like
knee chest; butt up in the air
83
Is the prolapsed cord felt above or below presenting part: oftten seen in
Cephalo-pelvic disproportion (CPD)
Placenta previa
Multiparity
Below seen in
Cephalo-pelvic disproportion (CPD)
Placenta previa
Multiparity
84
This medicine is given IV to mom immediatlay after birth to prevent AFE (what dose) and what other measure prevetns this
Amniotic Fluid emobolism-2o units pitosin or baby goes straight to breast
85
AFE happens when this serrpeates immdieatly or shorty affter delviery and amnioitic c fluide enters circualtion
Placenta
86
What are the S& S of AFE. on blood pressure and heart.
hypotesnion, tachycardia
87
what is the third and 4th stage of labor.
3rd placental
| 4th postpartum neeed good assemsent for AFE women and babies after
88
```
when fetus & placenta have severe edema because of RH incompatility causing
Pleural & cardiac effusions
Cardiac enlargement
Hepatomegaly
Splenomegaly
this is called
```
Hydrops fetalis
89
RH incompatiablity can occur
early as 8 wks gestation or during an can abortion, amniocentesis, ectopic pregnancy, hydatidiform mole, abdominal trauma, or when the placenta separates during delivery.
90
This is the relationship of the fetal spine to the maternal spine
The Lie
91
In this primary lie a baby can be delivered breech or cephalic
Logitudial or vertical
92
In this primary lie a vagnial birth is not possible
Transverse (horiontal/oblique)
93
what is another name for cephalic presntaion
Vertex presentation (shows the head as the presnting part.
94
when is the epidural given
1st stage of labor in Active part at about 4 cm. also anglessics at 3-4 cm for multipara and 4-5 cm for nuliparia
95
Distinguish which part of the first stage of labor Marieye is inShe holds tighlty to her husbands hand and asks him not to leave the room. She seems to be thinking inwardsly, and is flushed and has trouble following directions
```
Active
Moderate – strong contractions
3-6 hours average length
4-7 cm cervical dilation
contractions last about 30-40 seconds
```
96
Marieve is irritalbe and vaguely communicates when asked a question. She has some N/V headache and shaking thights which part of the first stage of labor is she in
```
Transition
Strong – very strong contractions
20-40 minutes average length
8-10 cm cervical dilation
with duration of 90 sec and frequency q2-3 min
```
97
what is average and moderate variablity in FHR
moderate6-25
so if below five minimal
, if above 25 marked variablity.
avg 6-10 which is good
98
Marieve is apprehenxive, and alert, she has some brown to pale pink bloody show. What part of the first stage of labor is she in
Latent
Mild - moderate regular contractions
6-20 hours (average 8 ½ hours)
0-3 cm cervical dilation
99
This decleration occurs with head compression. It happens during the contraction and is back by the end of the contraction. No compromoise, not interventions
Early Decleartion "mirror image"
| remember mirror mirrio as a child "early' in life you watched snow white
100
This decleaarion has impaired placental or unteropalcental sufficeincy. It begins after contractions and retursn after contraction.
Late decelerations "late lagas behind a bit"
101
In what stage of labor is thereComplete cervical dilation – delivery of infant
and what are contractions like during this period
Contractions: q 2 min, 60-90 sec duration
Crowning: fetal head is visible, urge to push
transition
102
In what stage of labor is thereComplete cervical dilation – delivery of infant
and what are contractions like during this period
Contractions: q 2 min, 60-90 sec duration
Crowning: fetal head is visible, urge to push
2nd me thinks
103
What are the fetal descent cardinal moves
1. Descent,
2. Flexion,
3. Internal rotation
4. Extension,
5. external rotation s 48 look it up
104
20 units of this drug is given after the baby is out
pitocin b/c of possible PE also helps stop hemorrahge
105
What involvoes the third & fourth stage of labor
seperatin/delivery of placenta-third stage(increased time increased risk of hemorrahge)
postpartum-fourth stage
106
How long does the fourth stage of labor lasts, how about the neonate period
fourth stage 28 days post delivery
| 30 days
107
What is the primary source of pain during the first stage of labor
Dilatation of cervix (primary source)
Stretching of lower uterine segment
Pressure on adjacent structure
Hypoxia of uterine muscle cells during contractions
108
what are some causes of pain during the second stage of labor and what methods can be useful
Hypoxia of contracting uterine muscles
Distention of vagina & perineum
Pressure on adjacent structures
efflurage and sacral pressue can help
109
Narcotic aren't given ____hrs b4 delivery or ___-_ cm dialatied
4hrs before or 7-8 cm dialted
110
if membrances rupture what should be done first
Check Fetal Heart sounds
111
Vital signs for during transition phase and labor in genral form mom and fetus h=should be taken
```
Monmm q30min
baby q 15 min
Maternal
V/S q 30 minutes
Position for comfort
Ice chips
Lip balm
Assist with breathing technique
Fetus
FHT q 15 minutes
```
112
What three known factors can decrease uterine
Maternal arterial pressure
conttraction of the uture
maternal supine position
113
direct coombs is for
BABY
114
Persistant lochia rubra in early pregenancy might mean
retained placental fragments
115
reoccurance of rubra in 7-14 days may mean
healing of the placental site
116
If wk 3-4 and still serosa or alba esp with fever, pan or tenderness this may mean
endometriosis
