Test 2 Flashcards
(48 cards)
1
Q
Emphysema (COPD)
A
- Usually thin
- Sometimes a pink color to their skin (polycythemia)
- Pursed lip breathing (positives end expiratory pressure (PEEP))
- Wheezing or diminished lung sounds
- Dry cough
- May see home O2
- May have a history of smoking
- Chronically short of breath
2
Q
COPD
A
3
Q
Chronic Bronchitis
A
-Usually heavier
- Sometimes a bluish color to their skin
- Exessice sputum production
- May see home O2
- Chornically short of breath
- Rhonchi or diminished lung sounds
4
Q
Pulmonary Embolism
A
- Acute onset of UNEXPLAINED shortness of breath
- Clear or possibly crackles for lung sounds
- Recent history or surgery, sedentary life style or birth control pill
5
Q
Pneumonia
A
- Fever
- Productive cough
- Diminished or rhonchi for lung sounds
- Recent history or illness
- Green or yellow sputum production
- Painful to breath
- Tachypnea
6
Q
Pulmonary edema
A
- May have a history of heart disease
- Acute onset of shortness of breath
- Crackles for lung sounds
- Pink frothy sputum in severe cases
- May suffer from orthopnea (Inability to lay flat)
- May see JVB (CHF)
- May also see pedal edema (CHF)
- Exertional dyspnea
- Tachypnea
- Tachycardia
7
Q
Asthma
A
- Acute onset of shortness of breath
- History of asthma
- Wheezing lung sounds (ominous if you hear no lung sounds)
- Tripoding
- Accessory muscle use
- Tachypnea
- Tachycardia
8
Q
Pneumothorax
A
- Shortness of breath
- Pinpoint pain
- Diminished lung sounds
- Usually caused by penetrating trauam but can be a result of blunt force trauma
- Tachypnea
- Tachycardia
9
Q
Tension pneumothorax
A
- JVD
- Tracheal deviation
- Absent lung sounds
- Hypotension
- Poor skin signs
- Severe shortness of breath
- Tachypnea
- Tachycardia
10
Q
Hyperventilation
A
- Rapid shallow (Sometimes) deep respirations
- Carpal pedal spasms
- Numbness and tingling (Especially to the face and extremities)
- Situation causing emotional upset
- May lead to a syncopal episode
11
Q
Nasal Canula
A
- 2-6LPM
- Low flow oxygen
12
Q
Non Rebreather mask
A
- 10-15 LPM
- High flow oxygen
13
Q
Bag valve mask
A
- 10-25 LPM
- assisting in ventilations
14
Q
Flow restrictive Oxygen Powered Ventilation Device
A
15
Q
Myocardial Infarction
A
- Chest discomfort
- Non provoked
- Shortness of breath
- Nausea and or vomiting
- Unrelieved with rest/ NTG
- Poor skin signs
- Hypotension
- Pulmonary edema
- JVD
16
Q
Angina Pectoris
A
- Chest discomfort radiating to Left arm or neck
- cool, clammy skins , sweating profusely
- Provoked by exertion
- Low flow O2 (>94% O2 Sat)
- Relieved with rest and NTG
17
Q
Nitroglycerine
A
- NTG
- indication: chest pain/ discomfort; patient has prescription
- contradictions: Viagra in past 24h, HR less than 50 or more than 100 BPM; 3 doses have been taken
- Side affects: headache, BP drop, change in pulse rate
18
Q
Metered Dose Inhaler
A
19
Q
Oral Glucose
A
20
Q
5 patient rights
A
- Right patient
- Right drug
- Right dose
- Right route
- Right time
21
Q
A
22
Q
Hyperglycemia
A
- Maybe altered
- Warm dry skins
- Kussmaul respirations
- Fruity odor on breath
- Polyuria
- Polydipsia
- Polyphagia
- High blood sugar
- Caused by not enough insulin to transport sugar
22
Q
Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA)
A
- ALOC
- Slurred speech
- Unresponsive
- Severe headache
- New onset of seizures
- Hemiparesis
- Blurred vision
- Nausea vomiting
- Facial droop
- May have airway compromise
- Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale
- Los Angeles prehospital Stroke Screen
22
Q
Seizures
A
- Tonic/ Clonic type movement (grand mal)
- “gazing off into space”
- If a baby may be described as becoming “stiff” and turning “blue”
- Maybe a febrile in nature
- Protect the airway
- Provide oxygen
- Cool down is febrile in nature
- Maybe by trauma or CVA
22
Hypoglycemia
- Insulin shock (EMERGENCY)
- rapid onset
- ALOC/ unresponsive
- Maybe combative
- Pale, cool skins
- Known diabetic
- Labored respirations
- Normal BP, pulse
- Low blood sugar
(<60)
- Caused by too much insulin, too little food, too much exercise/ stress
22
5 Patient Rights
- Right patient
- Right drug
- Right dose
- Right route
- Right time
23
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
- Symptoms same as hyperglycemia but blood sugar is above 600
- Slow onset
- Dry warm skins
- Acetone breath (fruity odor)
- Dehydrated
- Hypotensive
- Tachycardia
- Nausea, vomiting
- Pain
- ALOC (eventually)
24
TIA
- Slurred speech
- Facial droop
- Hemiparesis
- Blurred vision
- Symptoms relieved within 24 hours but usually within minutes
25
Appendicitis
- Inflammation of appendix/ infection
- Can lead to rupture, peritonitis, and shock
- Umbilical pain becoming localized to RLQ
- Fever
- Nausea/ vomiting
- Hypotensive
- Rebound tenderness upon palpation
- Poor skin signs
- Positive Markle (pain in RLQ)
25
Status Epilepticus
- Life threatening
- Seizure lasting 5 or more minutes or occur consecutively without regaining consciousness
- Manage their airway and breathing
25
AEIOU TIPS
- Alcohol
- Epilepsy
- Insulin
- Overdose
- Urmia
- Trauma
- Infection
- Psych
- Stroke
26
Cholecystitis
- Inflammation of gallbladder/ gallstones
- RUQ pain/ epigastric with referred pain to right shoulder
- Intense pain, will projectile vomit
- Usually occurs at night and with ingestion of fatty foods
- Tenderness to RUQ
- Belching/ heartburn
- Nausea/ vomiting (green)
- More common in ages 30-50
27
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
28
Gastrointestinal bleed
29
Peritonitis
- Inflammation of the peritoneum
- Abdominal pain or tenderness
- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- Fever and chills
- Positive Markle
- DOES NOT WANT TO MOVE
30
Pancreatitis
- Inflammation of pancreas/ infection, alcohol ingestion, gallstones
- Abdominal pain in epigastric region
- Nausea/ vomiting
- Abdominal tenderness/ distention
- Mild jaundice
- Severe abdominal pain that may radiate from umbilical to back of shoulder
- Fever
- Tachycardia
- Shock
31
Esophageal varices
32
Intestinal obstruction
33
Glucagon
- Converts glycogen into glucose
- Produced in pancreas
34
Glycogen
- Stores unused glucose
- Stores many simple glucose molecules together in the liver
35
Insulin
- Moves glucose/ sugar into cells
- Secreted when glucose levels are high
- Produced in pancreas
36
Normal blood sugar
70- 140 mg/dl
37
Diabetes
- Absolute/ relative lack of insulin in the body
- Characterized by: Deficiency of insulin/ inability of the body to respond to insulin
38
Atherosclerosis
- Fatty plaque build up
39
Arteriosclerosis
- Hardening of the arteries, mostly due to age
40
Right sided Heart Failure
- Systemic side
- Cannot pump blood to the lungs
- From right ventricle AMI or pulmonary hypertension
- Lower extremity edema
- JVD
- Abdominal distension
- Sit up/ dangle legs
- High flow O2
41
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