Test 2

Question 1

Probability

Answer 1

A number between 0 and 1 where:
- a number close to 0 means not likely
- a number close to 1 means likely

Question 2

Subjective Probability

Answer 2

An expert opinion => P(T) = 0.5

Question 3

Classical Probability

Answer 3

Uses sample space, assumes equally likely outcomes, based on reasoning.
- What can happen?
- What are the possible outcomes?

Question 4

Empirical Probability

Answer 4

Repeat an experiment a large number of times and observe what happens
- If H -> P(T) = 0
- If T -> P(T) = 1

Question 5

Trial

Answer 5

A single run of the random phenomenon (experiment)

Question 6

Sample Space (S)

Answer 6

The set of all possible outcomes

Question 6

Event

Answer 6

An outcome or set of outcomes of a random phenomenon
- Subset of the sample space

Question 6

Random Variable

Answer 6

A variable whose value is a numerical outcome of a random phenomenon
- can be discrete or continuous

Question 7

Probability Model

Answer 7

Mathematical description of a random phenomenon consisting of:
- A sample space
- A way of assigning probabilities to the outcomes/events

Question 7

Density Curve

Answer 7

A curve that:
- Is always on or above the horizontal axis
- Has an area of exactly 1 underneath it

Question 7

Addition Rule for Disjoint Events

Answer 7

If A and B are 2 disjoint events:
- P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)

Question 8

General Addition Rule

Answer 8

For any 2 events, A and B:
- P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A & B)

Question 9

Conditional Probability Rule

Answer 9

If A and B are any 2 events, the conditional probability of B, given A is:
- P(B/A) = P(A&B)/P(A)

Question 10

Normal Distribution

Answer 10

Symmetric, single-peaked, bell-shaped curves determined by a mean (center) and standard deviation (spread)

Question 11

Normal Quantile Plot

Answer 11

A graph that plots observed data vs the expected z-score of the data value if the distribution of the random variable is normal