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Evolution > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the order of the eons?

A
  1. Hadean
  2. Archean
  3. Proterozoic
  4. Phanerozoic
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2
Q

What’s the order of the eras?

A
  1. Paleozoic
  2. Mesozoic
  3. Cenozoic
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3
Q

What’s the order of the periods?

A
  1. Cambrian
  2. Ordovician
  3. Silurian
  4. Devonian
  5. Carboniferous
  6. Permian
  7. Triassic
  8. Jurassic
  9. Cretaceous
  10. Paleogene
  11. Neogene
  12. Quaternary
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4
Q

What eon was LUCA?

A

Archean

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5
Q

How long ago was LUCA?

A

about 3.8 bya

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6
Q

What is photosynthetic bacteria called?

A

Cyanobacteria

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7
Q

When did bacteria appear?

A

2.7 bya in the Archean eon

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8
Q

When did Eukarya first appear?

A

1.8 bya in the Proterozoic eon

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9
Q

When did fungi appear?

A

600 mya in the Proterozoic eon

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10
Q

When did animals appear?

A

700 mya during the Proterozoic eon

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11
Q

When did Algae appear?

A

1 bya during the Proterozoic eon

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12
Q

When did plants appear?

A

470 mya during the Phanerozoic eon and Ordovician period

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13
Q

Which are animals more closely related to? Algae, Plants, or Fungi?

A

Fungi

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14
Q

When did vascular plants appear?

A

430 mya, Silurian

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15
Q

When did seeded plants appear?

A

380 mya, Devonian

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16
Q

When did Angiosperms appear?

A

135 mya, Cretaceous

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17
Q

When did Chordata appear?

A

540 mya, Cambrian

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18
Q

When did vertebrae appear?

A

535 mya, Cambrian

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19
Q

When did jawed animals appear?

A

420 mya, Silurian

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20
Q

When did Tetrapods appear?

A

365 mya, Devonian

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21
Q

When did Amniotes appear?

A

318 mya, Carboniferous

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22
Q

When did Synapsids appear?

A

318 mya, Carboniferous

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23
Q

When did Sauropsids appear?

A

318 mya, Carboniferous

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24
Q

When did Archosaurs appear?

A

250 mya, Triassic

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25
Q

When did Dinosaurs appear?

A

230 mya, Triassic

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26
Q

When did Birds appear?

A

150 mya, Jurassic

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27
Q

What do Amoebozoa, Opisthokonts, Excavata, and Plantae have in common?

A

They are all Protists

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28
Q

Which of the three domains are more closely related?

A

Archaea and Eukarya

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29
Q

What does LUCA stand for?

A

Last universal common ancestor

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30
Q

What are non-vascular plants called?

A

Bryophytes

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31
Q

What are seedless plants called?

A

Pteridophytes

32
Q

What are Gymnosperms?

A

cone-bearing plants that bear naked seeds

33
Q

What are Angiosperms?

A

plants that produce flowers and bear their seeds in fruits

34
Q

What are Eumetazoa?

A

animals with tissue

35
Q

What are Parazoa?

A

animals with no tissues

36
Q

Which two things are not either a Deuterostome or Protostome?

A

Cnidaria and Porifera

37
Q

How long ago was the most recent mass extinction event?

A

66 mya

38
Q

Which two things are Deuterostomes?

A

Chordata and Echinodermata

39
Q

What is a Deuterostome?

A

the first opening in the embryo becomes the anus

40
Q

What is a Protostome?

A

the first opening in the embryo becomes the mouth

41
Q

What do mammals, birds, and reptiles share?

A

They are all Chordates, vetebrates, jawed, Tetrapod, amniotes

42
Q

What are amniotes?

A

vertebrates that undergo embryonic or fetal development within an amnion and include the birds, reptiles, and mammals

43
Q

Which is a descendant of a Synapsid? Sauropsids, Testudines, or Therapsids?

A

Therapsids

44
Q

What are jawed animals called?

A

Gnathostomes

45
Q

Synapomorphies of Gnathostomes

A
  1. jaws
  2. paired appendages
46
Q

Synapomorphies of Tetrapods

A
  1. paired appendages ( four ‘feet’)
  2. Separation of head from body
  3. Lungs
47
Q

Classes of Gnathostomes

A

bony fish, carilaginous fish

48
Q

Classes of tetrapods

A

Amphibia, Reptilia, Mammalia, Aves

49
Q

What did the amniotic egg allow for?

A

Development in the absence of water

50
Q

Synapomorphies of Amniotes

A
  1. 2 cervical (neck) vertebrae
  2. 2 or more sacral vertebrae
  3. Reduced skin permeability (waterproof)
  4. Amniotic egg
51
Q

Classes of amniotes

A

Reptilia, Mammalia, Aves

52
Q

Synapomorphies of Aves

A
  1. Bipedal
  2. Enlarged brains
  3. Endothermic
  4. Oviparous
  5. Fused clavicles
  6. Beaks/bills
  7. Feathers
53
Q

Synapomorphies of Mammalia

A
  1. Endothermic
  2. Enlarged brain
  3. very precise teeth occlusion
  4. Unique chewing
  5. Lactating mammary glands
54
Q

What was the greatest mass extinction?

A

The Permian mass extinction

55
Q

When did the Permian mass extinction take place?

A

252 mya

56
Q

What caused the Permian extinction?

A

-volcanic eruptions in Siberia
- rapid global warming
- acid rain
- ocean acidification
- droughts
- wildfires

57
Q
A
58
Q

When was the Triassic extinction?

A

201 mya

59
Q

What are synapomorphies of plants?

A
  • cellulose in cell wall
  • chlorophyll b
  • starch as storage compound
  • multicellular
60
Q

Non-vascular plants lack…

A

vascular tissue
pollen
seeds

61
Q

What are the major adaptations to terrestrial living?

A

Cuticle
Stomata
Xylem and Phloem
Pollen/seeds
flowers

62
Q

What was the universal gene pool hypothesis?

A
  • lateral gene transfer
  • non Darwinian, somehow 3 domains were more successful
    -universal pool
63
Q

What is the Ring of Life Hypothesis?

A

Archea + Bacteria = Eukarya

64
Q

What is the Chronocyte Hypothesis?

A

-phagocytosis
- ate an archean which became nucleus

65
Q

Earliest fossil records of bacteria like organisms came from what eon?

A

Archean

66
Q

What period did the first Gymnosperm appear?

A

Devonian

67
Q

What is adaptive radiation?

A

Rapid diversification of a lineage

68
Q

How long ago did the Cretaceous- Tertiary extinction occur?

A

65 mya

69
Q

What is a trace fossil?

A

a burrow, track, or other sign of an animal’s activity

70
Q

What is a cast?

A

A three dimensional model formed when sediment invades an empty space (a filled impression)

71
Q

What is a replacement fossil?

A

A three dimensional model formed when minerals replace the original hard structures

72
Q

What is a permineralization fossil?

A

A three dimensional model formed when minerals fill spaces within organic material

73
Q

What is a mold?

A

A three dimensional space (an impression) left when organic remains decay after being buried

74
Q

What period did the first terrestrial land plants evolve?

A

Ordovician

75
Q

Three viruses three domains hypothesis

A

each domain came from a virus

76
Q

What caused the Cambrian explosion?

A

-marine ecosystem with modern food webs
- rapid diversification of animals
- large body sizes and bilaterization
- presence of calcium
- rising sea level released calcium and phosphate into the oceans

77
Q

What were the first land animals?

A

Milipedes

Evolution (3 decks)

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