Test#2

Question 1

Mention three organisms that are filter feeding

Answer 1

Flamingos, some fish, and some birds

Question 2

Mention two extra forms of foraging adapted by some organisms in water

Answer 2

-hand to mouth
-piercing belostomatidae
-collectors- caddisfly larvea: build nets for collecting plant material

Question 3

Mention few tactics (strategies) used by organisms in the water to feed themselves

Answer 3

-pump filter feeding
-ram filter feeding

Question 4

What are the four major habitats in lakes?

Answer 4

1. Pelagic
2. Littoral
3. Benthic
4. Aufwucks

Question 5

What is the major problem encountered in trophic transfer?

Answer 5

Energy loss (up to 90%)

Question 6

What is the prerequisite of the existence of plankton?

Answer 6

Flotation in water is the ability to remain suspended

Question 7

Based on their body length put the following categories of organism in ascending order: algal cell, bacterium, fish, virus, zooplankton

Answer 7

virus, bacterium, algal cell, zooplankton, fish

Question 8

A continuing flotation of zooplankton depends on one and only one parameter. what is it?

Answer 8

The Density of the organism being the same as that of the surrounding medium

Question 9

Who are the primary producers?

Answer 9

A) Macrophytes
B) Periphyton
C) phytoplankton

Question 10

Who are the secondary producers?

Answer 10

A) Benthic invertebrates
B) Zooplankton=Herbivores and/or carnivores
C) Nekton=zooplanktivorous and/or piscivorous

Question 11

Match the words with the proper description:

1.Epilithic
2.Epiphytic
3.Epipelic
4.Epipsammic

A. Sand
B. Soft Sediments
C. On plants
D. Rocks

Answer 11

1-D, 2-C, 3-B, 4-A

Question 12

What are the biological interactions between plankton?

Answer 12

A) Resource depletion
B) Competition
C) Grazing
D) Predation

Question 13

How do marine plankton equalize differences in density?

Answer 13

By maintaining isotonicity: changing the composition of their body fluids

Question 14

What are the three main groups of the plankton community in fresh water?

Answer 14

A) Bacterioplankton
B) Phytoplankton
C) Zooplankton

Question 15

What is the primary photosynthetic pigment of all plant?

Answer 15

Chlorophyll

Question 16

Define “Ephippia”

Answer 16

Eggs of a dry-season with extra shell

Question 17

Define “Parthenogenesis”

Answer 17

Hatch without fertilization by the same species-Asexual reproduction

Question 18

Define “Aufwuchs”

Answer 18

Slime of algae, fungi, bacteria that grow on solids

Question 19

Three kinds of Dial Vertical Migration (DVM) are related to predation. What are they?

Answer 19

A) One daily migration (big plankton avoiding vertebrate predation)
B) Two daily migrations (small zoops avoiding vertebrate + large invertebrate predators)
C) Reverse migration (small zoops avoiding invertebrate predation only)

Question 20

Mention the main physical characteristics of the basic factors that determine lake biology

Answer 20

Temperature, light transparency, wave action, the total abundance of inorganic nutrients

Question 21

Define “Pelagic zone”

Answer 21

Open water (deep water)

Question 22

Define “Benthos”

Answer 22

Organisms that live above the sediment (supra-benthos), live on the sediment (epi-benthos), or live under the sediment (micro-benthos).

Question 23

Define “Neuston”

Answer 23

Animals that under the top surface of the water (hyponeuston). Others live on the top surface water (epineuston).

Question 24

Define “Littoral Zone”

Answer 24

Part of a body of water that is close to shore.

Light incidence >1%, plants (macrophyte).etc..

Question 25

Describe the lake chemistry of Co2, O2, N2, P

Answer 25

Co2- Is organic or inorganically produced

Oxygen- Is influenced by the presence of external dynamics, wind etc…

N2- Denitrification on water surfaces

Phosphorus- Reduced by concentrations of +H

Question 26

What is the major problem in trophic transfer?

Answer 26

Energy loss due to food web

Question 27

Define “Exorheic”

Answer 27

Exorheic describes a drainage basin in which rivers and streams flow into an external body of water, such as an ocean or sea.

Question 28

Define “Endorheic”

Answer 28

Endorheic refers to a drainage basin or watershed that does not have an outlet to the sea or ocean, with rivers and streams instead flowing into internal basins or lakes where water does not drain outwards.

Question 29

Describe Liebig’s law of the minimum

Answer 29

Liebig’s Law of the Minimum posits that the growth and productivity of a system are limited by the availability of the scarcest resource, regardless of the abundance of other resources. This principle underscores the importance of addressing and optimizing the supply of the limiting factor to achieve maximum productivity in agriculture, ecology, and various other fields.

Question 30

Define “Epilithic”

Answer 30

Epilithic describes organisms that inhabit or grow upon the surfaces of rocks or stones in aquatic environments.

Question 31

Define “Epiphytic”

Answer 31

Epiphytic refers to plants or organisms that grow harmlessly upon the surface of other plants, typically trees, for physical support and access to light.

Question 32

Define “Epipelic”

Answer 32

Epipelic pertains to microorganisms or organic matter living within the top layer of sediments at the bottom of aquatic environments such as lakes or ponds.

Question 33

Define “Epipsammic”

Answer 33

Epipsammic refers to organisms or organic matter living on the surface of sand particles in aquatic environments, particularly in beach or intertidal zones.

Question 34

Can you mention one or two abiotic and biotic factors?

Answer 34

-Abiotic factors: tempurature and mixing that influence the O2 content of lake water

-Biotic factors: photosunthesis and respiration that affect O2 solubility