Test 2 Flashcards
1
Q
What is an abnormal closed sac of fibrous tissue containing fluid or cells and/or a semi-solid material located in the dermis, subcutaneous tissue or bone?
A
Cyst
2
Q
What are the 3 classifications of cysts?
A
- Inflammatory or Developmental
- Odontogenic or Non-Odontogenic
- Intraosseous or Extraosseous
3
Q
What is the origin of inflammatory cysts?
A
Originate from the infection of root canals from caries or trauma
4
Q
What is the origin of developmental cysts?
A
Unknown origin
5
Q
What is the origin of odontogenic cysts?
A
Formed from tissues involved in tooth development
6
Q
What is needed to diagnose a cyst?
A
MH/DH
Clinical features (E/O, I/O etc)
Radiographs
Microscopic analysis (biopsy)
7
Q
What are the differential diagnosises of cysts?
A
Abscesses
Benign or malignant neoplasms
Metabolic diseases
Trauma or surgery site
8
Q
What type of cyst develop from the proliferation of embryonic epithelial cell remnants that become trapped in bone and or soft tissues of the body?
A
Developmental cysts
9
Q
True or False: More often developmetal cysts are asymptomatic
A
True
10
Q
What type of cyst is this?
A
Periapical or Radicular
11
Q
What is the most common type of cyst?
A
Perioapical or radicular
12
Q
How do periapical/radicular cysts develop?
A
From granuloma at the apex of a nonvital tooth
13
Q
What type of cyst is a remnant epithelial lined cyst?
A
Residual cyst
14
Q
How does a residual cyst form?
A
Post tooth extraction when some or all of the cyst is left behind.
15
Q
What type of cyst is periapical lateral to tooth root from inflammation exiting a lateral/accessory pulp canal?
A
Lateral Periodontal Cyst
16
Q
What type of cyst forms around the crown of an unerupted tooth, such as a wisdom tooth?
A
Dentigerous
17
Q
What type of cyst develops in place of a tooth? (meaning no tooth develops)
A
Primordial
18
Q
Where are primordial cysts most common?
A
In place of 8’s or distal to 8’s
19
Q
Who are primorial cysts usually seen in?
A
Young adults
20
Q
How do primordial cysts appear on an x-ray?
A
Well defined radiolucent lesions that can be unilocular or multilocular
21
Q
What type of cyst is seen clinically as swelling of gingival mucosa over the crown and is most often associated with baby teeth, lower canines and uppper first molars?
A
Eruption cyst
22
Q
What type of cyst is located in soft tissue as a small, whitish bulge or swelling of attached gingiva or papillae mainly in kids?
A
Gingival cyst
23
Q
How to treat gingival cysts?
A
Removal with adults, kids will resolve on its own
24
Q
What type of cyst commonly arises due to death of pulp of upper lateral incisor and appears on a radiograph as an oval or pear shaped radiolucency between canine and lateral?
A
Globulomaxillary
25
What type of cyst is asymptomatic, benign but destructive, has remarkable growth potential and begins as a unilocular radiolucency in lcation where a tooth fails to develop?
Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor
26
Where are keratocystic odontogenic tumors most common?
Molar region
27
What type of developmental cyst is entrapped epithelial tissue in the incisive canal and appears on radiographs as a heart shaped radiolucency between the roots of upper canines?
Nasopalatine cyst
28
What type of cyst appears as unilocular at themidline of the palate?
Nasopalatine duct cyst (median palatine)
29
What type of cyst is a rare non-odontogenic cyst located at the midline of the mandible and overlies lower anterior apices or between roots of these teeth at the midline?
Median Mandibular Cyst
30
What type of cyst is located in soft tissue of the upper cupsid lateral area with unknown cause but may be from the nasolacrimal duct?
Nasolabial cyst
31
What type of cyst is found on the lateral neck of anterior border of SCM arising from epithelium trapped in LN during development affected the floor of mouth, ventral tongue, lateral posterior borders of tongue as a pinkish, yellow raised nodule?
Lymphoepithelial cyst
32
Who are lymphoepithelial cysts most common in?
Children and young adults
33
What type of cyst is developmental found in the anterior floor of the mouth but is more common in other parts of the body?
Dermoid cyst
34
What is the consistency of the dermoid cyst?
Dough like
35
What type of cyst forms along the same tract as the thyroid gland follows in development mostly found below the hyoid bone in people under 20?
Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
36
What type of cyst is this?
Periapical/radicular
37
What type of cyst is this?
Periapical/radicular
38
What type of cyst is this?
Residual
39
What type of cyst is this?
Lateral Periodontal Cyst
40
What type of cyst is this?
Lateral Periodontal Cyst
41
What type of cyst is this?
Primordial Cyst
42
What type of cyst is this?
Primordial Cyst
43
What type of cyst is this?
Dentigerous Cyst
44
What type of cyst is this?
Dentigenerous Cyst
45
What type of cyst is this?
Dentigerous Cyst
46
What type of cyst is this?
Eruption Cyst
47
What type of cyst is this?
Eruption Cyst
48
What type of cyst is this?
Gingival Cyst
49
What type of cyst is this?
Gingival Cyst
50
What type of cyst is this?
Globulomaxillary Cyst
51
What type of cyst is this?
Globulomaxillar Cyst
52
What type of cyst is this?
Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor
53
What type of cyst is this?
Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor
54
What type of cyst is this?
Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor
55
What type of cyst is this?
Nasopalatine Cyst
56
What type of cyst is this?
Nasopalatine Cyst
57
What type of cyst is this?
Nasopalatine Cyst
58
What type of cyst is this?
Median Palatine Cyst
59
What type of cyst is this?
Median Palatine Cyst
60
What type of cyst is this?
Median Palatine Cyst
61
What type of cyst is this?
Median Mandibular Cyst
62
What type of cyst is this?
Nasolabial Cyst
63
What type of cyst is this?
Lymph Epithelial Brachial Lateral Cyst
64
What type of cyst is this?
Dermoid Cyst
65
What type of cyst is this?
Dermoid Cyst
66
What type of cyst is this?
Thyroglossal Duct/Tract Cyst
67
What is the symptom of pain in the pulp called?
Pulpalgia
68
What does no response to a pulp test mean?
Necrotic pulp
69
What does lingering pain after stimulus is removed in a pulp test mean?
Irreversible pulpitis
70
What does pain subsiding prompty in a pulp test mean?
Reversible pulpitis
71
Is thermal pulp testing done with cold or hot?
Either
72
What is a vitality scanner?
An electrical pulp tester that uses a current to the middle third of the crown on the facial surface of anterior teeth and middle third over reach root of a multi-rooted posterior
73
How do metal restorations affect responses to pulp testing?
Metal restorations adjacent to the tooth being tested can form a circut that bypasses the tooth in question
74
What is the first stage of pulpitis and has the tooth experiencing sensitivity to hot and cold?
Reversible pulpitis
75
What type of pulpitis is persistent causing spontaneous persistent pain after the removal of the temp source meaning there is severe destruction of the pulp from bacterial infection or blood suppy interruption?
Irreversible pulpitis
76
What is the diagnosis when the tooth fails to respond to electrical or thermal stimulation?
Pulp necrosis
77
Where does partial pulp necrosis often occur?
Coronal
78
What is a nodule that fills the entire cavity of the tooth with tissue protruding from the pulp chamber from large open caries containing few nerves?
Pulp Polyp/Hyperplastic Pulpitis
79
What is the potential unwanted outcomes of the primary condition in regard to pulpitis to peri-apical conditions?
Sequelae
80
What is an oral lesion charactertized by a soft erythematous papule (red spot) that develops on the aveolar process in association with a non-vital tooth and accompanying dental abscess?
Parulis
81
What is chronically inflammed granuloma tissue at the apex of a nonvital tooth?
Periapical granuloma
82
What are odontogenic epithelial cells located within the periodontal ligament matrix?
Epithelial Cell Rests of Malassez (ERM)
83
What is caused by bacterial infection in which the start of pus has yet to occur?
Cellulitis
84
What is a rare inflammatory condition of bone often following trauma, untreated periapical or periodonal infection?
Osteromyelitis
85
What is a piece of dead bone that has become separated from normal bone during the process of necrosis and is surrounded by a pool of infected exudate?
Bone sequestration
86
What is severe and rapidly spreading cellulitis involving the submand, submental, sublingually space bilaterally started as an infected mand molar or fractured and infected mandible?
Ludwig angina
87
What is infection thats spread to the eyelids or affects vision because of ophthalmic veins lack valves with spread to the brain being possible?
Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
88
What is this?
Primary (Acute) Herpetic Gingivostomatitis
89
What condition is painful, erythematous, has swollen gingiva, and multiple tiny vesicles on perioral skin, verillion border of lips and oral mucosa that turn into ulcers?
Primary (Acute) Herpetic Gingivostomatitis
90
Who is gingivostomatitis most common in?
Children under 6
91
What is this?
Reccurent Herpes Labialis
92
What condition is usually caused by sunlight, menstruation, fatigue, fever, or stress?
Recurrent Herpes Labialis
93
How long does recurrent herpes labialis usually last?
1-2 weeks
94
What condition is transmitted by direct contact with an infected individual and some people hae the virus present in the oral cavity even when no lesions are present?
Intraoral Herpes
95
How does intraoral herpes present?
Keratinized gingiva (fixed to bone), hard palate and gingiva appear as painful clusters of tiny vesicles or ulcers that coalesce to form a single ulcer with an irregular border
96
What condition is this?
Recurrent Intraoral Herpes
97
What condition is this?
Chicken Pox
98
What condition is this?
Herpes Zoster (shingles)
99
What condition presents with unilateral, painful eruption of vesicles along distribution of a sensory nerve?
Herpes Zoster (shingles)
100
What condition presents with sore throat, fever, generalized lymphadenopathy, enlarged spleen, malaise, and fatigue?
Mononucleosis
101
What condition has palatale petechaie that appear in the early course of disease along with a skin rash and severe complications such as hepatitis can occur?
Infectious Mononucleosis
102
What virus causes inter and intra cellular edema that leads to spongiosis and formation of vesicles?
Coxsackie Virus
103
What condition presents with fever, malaise, sore throat, erytheatous pharyngitis, and veriscles on the soft palate?
Herpangina
104
True or False: herpangina is a common adolescent illness caused by a virus.
False. Herpangina is a common childhood illness caused by a virus.
105
What condition presents with painful vesicles and ulcers that occur anywhere in the mouth and multiple papules or macules occur on the skin, feet, and/or hands?
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease
106
What virus causes focal hyperparakeratosis with underlying spongiosis, intercellular edema?
Paramyxovirus
107
What diseases are cause by paramyxovirus?
Mumps
Measles
RSV (respiratory syncytial virus)
Bronchiolitis
Phneumonia
108
What are the symptoms of paramyxovirus?
Fever
Cough
Runny nose
Pink eye
Maculopapular rash
109
What appears early the diagnosis as small erthematous macules with white necrotic centers that may occur in the oral cavity?
Koplik's Spots - Red Measles
110
What is a viral infection of the salivary glands that is most common in children resulting in painful swelling of salivary glands?
Mumps
111
What are white papillary, exophytic lesions (closely resembles benign tumor-papilloma)?
Verruca Vulgaris
112
What is the most common type of HPV?
HPV-2
113
How is HPV transmitted?
From skin to oral mucosa
114
What is a pink, papillary, bulbous mass that can occur anywhere in the oral mucosa and is generally sexually transmitted?
Condyloma Acuminatum
115
What condition is asymptomatic, slightly, raised, diffuse, white, non-removal plaque that is dense, firm, hair-like, and bilateral on the lateral border of the tongue?
Hairy Leukoplakia
116
What is a malignant neoplasm of blood vessels that start as a red to dark blue macule that enlarges into a nodule and then into a tumor that blanches and bleeds upon pressure?
HIV-Kaposi's Sarcoma
117
What condition results in a hard painless solitary indurate chancre ulcer?
Primary Syphilis
118
What condition results in whitish grey mucous patch/plaque snail trail irregular boarder pattern?
Secondary Syphilis
119
What are the symptoms of secondary syphilis?
Superficial epithelial necrosis ulcers with red halo, silvery necrotic sloughing tissue exposure of the underlying raw connective tissue on the buccal mucosa, tongue, headache, fever, chills, sore throat, lymphadenopathy, anemia and a generalized copper maculopapular skin rash also on the hand and soles of feet
120
What condition results in atrophic glossitis, smooth shiny tongue, papillae are gone and a white coating is on the dorsal surface along with a palatal gumma (hole) non-healing?
Tertiary Syphilis
121
How many new cases are there of syphilis worldwide every year?
6 million
122
How many STIs are aquired every day?
>1 million
123
What condition appears as strep throat like diffuse edema with small pusules and irregular painful ulcers?
Gonorrhea
124
What are the EO signs of TB?
Cervical lymph node at the lower boarder of the mand will be englarged
Scrofula scars - swelling and abscessing on the node and perforation of the skin and scaring
125
What infection is caused by a filamentous bacterium called Actinomyes israelii?
Actinomycosis
126
How is actinmycosis treated?
With long term high doses of antibiotics
127
The most characteristic form of actinomycosis is
The formation of abscesses that tend to drain by the formation of sinus tracts
128
What condition appears as white, curdlike material on mucosa surface while the underlying mucosa is erythematous?
Pseudomembranous Candidiasis
129
What is a yeast which causes infections of skin and/or mucous membranes in both children and adults?
Candida Albicans
130
What is an excellent treatment for candida albicans?
Gentian Violet (o.5-1% solution in water)
131
What condition is denture sore mouth?
Denture Stomatitis
132
What is this?
Denture Stomatitis
133
What is this?
Chronic Hyperplastic Inflammatory Papillary Hyperplasia
134
What is this?
Inflammatory Papillary Hyperplasia
135
What condition results in the palatal mucosa being covered in multiple erythematous papillary projections that give the areas a granular or cobblestone appearance?
Inflammatory Papillary Hyperplasia
136
What condition results in erthematous, rhombus shaped, flat to raised areas midline of posterior dorsal tongue?
Median Rhomboid Glossitis
137
What is this?
Angular Cheilitis
138
What kind of diseases or conditions result from abnormal activity of the body's immune system?
Immune mediated
139
True or False: autoimmune diseases are a subset of immune-mediated diseases
True
140
What are the types of aphthous ulcerations?
Minor
Major
Herpetiform
141
What causes aphthous ulcers?
Immune system triggers:
Stress
Allergies
Nutritional deficiencies
Illness
Depressed immune system
Trauma
Psychosomatic stress
Hormones
Menstruation
142
Which type of aphthous ulcer is always on the moveable, loose mucosa and gland baaring mucosa?
Minor
143
What is this?
Herpetiform Aphthous Ulcers
144
What is this?
Major Aphthous Ulcer
145
What is the rapid swelling of the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, mucosa and submucosal tissues?
Angioedema
146
What is a cell-mediated response rather than antibodies as in other types of hypersensitivity reactions that is burning, itchy, painful, sloughing of tissues epithelium and connective tissue inflammatory changes/response?
Contact Mucositis
147
What is an autoimmune inflammatory condition that is of unknown origin, immunological with degeneration of the basal cell layers?
Atrophy lichen planus
148
What condition is erosive in the upper layer in the epithelium is gone and red erosion?
Erosive lichen planus
149
What condition has striated/hypertonic-numerous tiny white papules that create a pattern on the buccal mucosa?
Lichen planus - wickham striae
150
What is plaque like lichen planus?
Plaque-like white firmly attached patch mimicking a leukoplakia white patch
151
What condition presents with skin as 50% purplish red, scaly, itchy, papules on the chest, arms and wrist creating a linear pattern that turns a yellow brown colour before is disappears?
Lichen planus - skin papules
152
What is an intraepithelial vesicle?
Pemphigus
153
What is a subepithelial vesicle?
Pemphigoid
154
What condtiion is a rare, painful autoimmune disorder which causes blisters on the muscos membranes of the oral cavity, nose, throat, eyes, lungs and genitals?
Pemphigus Vugaris
155
What condition presents with positive-loose skin that slips free from the underlying layers when rubbed and collapsed bullae are white and recrotic producing a foul odor?
Nikolsky Sign
156
What condition creates intra epithelial vesicles and bulla, is chronic and can be fatal?
Pempigus Vulgaris
157
What is this?
Pemphigus vulgaris
158
What is this?
Pemphigus vulgaris
159
What condition has auto immune antibodies that direct against the basement membrane and separate the epithelium due to degeneration of the cells?
Beign Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
160
What is this?
Benign Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
161
What oral condition has bilateral macules/papules that enlarge to form bullas which ulcerate and leave sloughing, white, superficial, painful, irregular boarder ulcers and erosion that create hemorrgagic crust of the lips?
Erythema Multiformae
162
What is an autoimmune disease where the antiboides attack normal cells leading to inflammation?
Lupus Erythematosus
163
What condition is a systemic, autoimmune disease that is considered to be one of the ost prevalent autoimmune diseases that attacks and damages the salivary, tear and mucous-secreting glands resulting in dry mouth or swollen salivary glands?
Sjogren's Syndrome
164
What condition is an inflammatory disorder that affects multiple parts of the body and most common symptoms include painful mouth sores, gential sores, inflammation of parts of the eye and arthritis?
Behcet Syndrome
165
What condition results from chronic rubbing or friction against an oral mucosa surface that appears as an opaque, white area due to protective response on tissue?
Frictional Keratosis/Hyperkeratosis
166
What condition starts as a white irregular raised plaque in diffuse pattern, turns into hyperplastic response that increase size of plaque and is in a linear or striated pattern with thick corrugated areas and zones of erythema?
Morsicatio Buccarum
167
Does morsicatio buccarum have malignancy potential?
No
168
What does cocaine do to the midline of the hard palate?
Causes lesions
169
What does smoking crack cocaine do to the oral cavity?
Ulcers to keratotic lesions to exohytic reactice lesions
170
What can occur in the oral cavity from freebase cocaine use?
Nectrotic ulcers on tongue and epiglottis
171
What can alcohol abuse do to the oral cavity?
Adversely affect salivary glands which in turn may lead to tooth decay and erosion and cause irritation and inflammation of oral soft tissues
172
A thermal burn in the oral cavity is commonly caused by
Microwaved foods
173
What forms when the salivary glan duct is severed or ruptured and the muscous salivary gland secretion spills into adjacent connective tissue?
Mucocele
174
Where are mucocele most common?
Lower labial mucosa where minor salivary glands are located
175
Mucocele occur most in whom?
Children and young adolescents
176
What is a mucocele like lesion on the floor of the mouth associated with ducts of submandibular/sublingual glands?
Ranula
177
When may ranula increase in size?
During meals
178
What are ranula usually due to?
Obstruction of salivary gland
179
What is a salivary gland stone due to precipitation of calcium salts?
Sialolith
180
What is this?
Pyrogenic granuloma
181
What is this?
Parulis
182
What is a benign, reactive commonly occurring intraoral lesion due to proliferation of connective tissue that contains numerous blood vessels and inflammatory cells?
Pyogenic Granuloma
183
Where do up to 85% of pyogenic granulomas occur?
On the gingiva of the max anterior
184
What else are pyogenic granulomas also called?
Pregnancy tumors
185
What is a reactive lesion composed of well vascularized connective tissue with multinucleated giant cells with RBC and chronic inflammatory cells commonly seen in this lesion that can only occur in the jaws?
Giant Cell Granuloma (peripheral or central)
186
What is the cause of giant cell granulomas?
Unclear but possibly from trauma
187
Where do peripheral giant cell granulomas occur?
On the gingiva or alveolar process, usually anterior to the molars
188
What are the local irritating factors for peripheral giant cell granulomas?
Dental biofilm/calculus
Periodontal disease
Fractured restorations
Ill-fitting dental appliances
Dental extractions
189
How to treat peripheral giant cell granulomas?
Surgical excision
190
What is a firm, dome shaped swelling on te facial of papilla - generally loacted anterior to molars?
Peripheral Odontogenic Fibroma
191
What is this?
Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma
192
What is the inflammation of soft tissues surrounding crowns of partially erupted teeth especially third molars?
Pericoronitis
193
What is the overgrowth of fibrous connective tissue due to chronic irritation usually from flange of ill fitting dentures?
Epulis fissuratum
194
What is this?
Epulis Fissuratum
195
Is epulis fissuratum painful?
No
