Test 2 Flashcards
(27 cards)
semiconservative replication refers to the fact that
each strand of the DNA is used as a template for the synthesis of a new strand
chargaffs experiment
A+C=T+G
the antiparallel nature of DNA refers to
the opposing 5’-3’ polarity of the 2 strands of the double helix
Which type of these mutations is most likely to abolish the function of a mutated gene
insertion mutation of 1 nucleotide
which type of mutation is shown in that picture (a series of nucleotides getting flipped over)
inversion
Crick’s wobble hypothesis
A difference in the third base of a codon often results in no change of the amino acid
Helicase
separates DNA strands
RNA polymerase
synthesizes a new DNA strand
DNA ligase
joins Okazaki fragments to form a continuous strand
Role of aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
Charge each tRNA with the correct amino acid
3’-5’ with sequence “GTA”
is the coding strand
TATA box
signals RNA polymerase where to start transcription
If 2 nucleotides were inserted to the right of a sequence
Transcription initiation would be shifted 2 nucleotides to the left of the nucleotide indicated by a +1
Splicing
Splicing converts a pre-mRNA to a mRNA by removing introns and ligating exons together
In prokaryotes, the initiation of translation is determined by ___ and in eukaryotes by ____
Shine dalgarno sequence in the mRNA; 5’-cap in the mRNA
Mutation that changes TGC to TGA is called a
Nonsense mutation UGC -> UGA is a cys-> stop
In the lagging strand, DNA is made in the direction ___ the replication fork and is made as ____
Away from, Okazaki fragments
Leading strand
towards the fork and one continuous strand
Null allele
No functional protein is produced
Hypomorph
Mutant protein has decreased efficiency
Hypermorph
Protein is overproduced or overactive
Haplo-insufficient
Mutation to one allele leads to visible phenotype
Deletion
removes gene
Duplication
repeats gene
