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Test 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is JIA?

A

chronic inflammatory diseases in children and adolescents that may cause joint or conn. tissue damage throughout the body.

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2
Q

2 step process that triggers JIA?

A

child has genetic endency to JIA

environmental factors (virus, trauma) trigger JIA

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3
Q

Common characteristics o JIA.

A

Joint swelling, morning stiffness, muscle atrophy, weakness, poor endurance.

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4
Q

main goal of medical management of JIA?

A

induce remission and control arthritis to prevent joint erosion.

NSAIDS
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs DMARDs
Biologic agents

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5
Q

PT interventions in a child with JIA?

A

Cold modalities
Exercise
Occasional splinting
independence with self care

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6
Q

What is CMT?

A

Unilateral shortening of sternoceidomastoid.

Noticed shortly after birth.

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7
Q

difference between pernatal, perinatal, and postnatal CMT?

A

prenatal: ischemic injury, malpositioning in utero, muscle rupture.
perinatal: birth trauma from breech position or assisted delivery.
postnatal: positional preference, plagiocephaly.

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8
Q

three main classifications of CMT

A

Postural

Muscular

SCM Nodule

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9
Q

PT interventions with CMT

A

Caregiver Education
Environmental Adaptations
Cervical PROM
Neck and trunk AROM
Facilitation of symmetrical movement activities

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10
Q

Criteria to discharge a child with CMT from PT

A

Full PROM of neck, trunk, and extremities to within 5 degrees

Symmetrical active movement patterns

Age appropriate gross motor development

No visible head tilt

Parents understand what to monitor as kid grows.

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11
Q

Difference between palgiocephaly and brachycephaly.

A

Palgiocephaly: misshaped head angle.

Brachycephaly: flattening of back of the head.

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12
Q

What treatments for palgiocephaly and brachycephaly.

A

Get infant off the flat side of the skull.

Cranial orthotic

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13
Q

What is OI

A

genetic connective tissue disorder resulting in fragile bones.

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14
Q

What are different types of OI

A

1: most common. wight and length normal at birth. short stature postnatally.

2: death

3: severe progressive deformity of long bones, skull and spine. short stature.

4: mild to moderate deformity. post natal short stature. ambulators.

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15
Q

PT interventions of OI

A

NICU: positioning, education

Early intervention: develop functional mobility.

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16
Q

Focus of PT interventions for preschool aged child with OI

A

maximize idependence with mobility and ADLs

school activities

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17
Q

What is AMC

A

congenital contractures in two or more body areas.

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18
Q

Causes of AMC

A

genetics
viral infections, fetal browding, myasthenia gravis, alcohol, cocaine, fetal akinesia.

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19
Q

2 different clinical presentations of AMC

A

Amyolplasia (most common)
CNS disturbance (lethal)
Heterogenous group

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20
Q

Surgeries, casting, bracing may be needed for a child with AMC?

A

Clubfoot management (Ponsetti method of serial casting)

Hip dislocations

Hamstring lengthening

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21
Q

Focus of PT interventions for a child with AMC?

A

Family education
Stretching
Splinting
Strengthening
Self care
Functional mobility

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22
Q

What is etiology of DMD?

A

Progressive weakness of the skeletal and respiratory muscles.

X linked recessive defect

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23
Q

5 stages of DMD

A

Presymtomatic

Early ambulatory

late ambulatory

early nonambulatory

late nonambulatory

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24
Q

How does development differ for children with DMD

A

Normal initally, may display mild hypotonia, gait deviations at 2-3 years old, weakness proximal to distal.

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25
Impairments, limitations, participation restrictions for children with DMD
Gower's sign Pseudohypertrophy Toe walking Wide BOS Lumbar lordosis and scoliosis Contractures Trendelenburg gait pattern
26
DMD medically managed
Steroids, cardiomyopathy management, respiratory support, surgeries
27
Physical therapy management of DMD.
Avoid eccentric contraction Stretch Standing program Gross motor activites Aquatics Orthotics Equipment management
28
etiology and pathology of SMA spinal muscular atrophy
Autosomal recessive disorder Mutation of SMN1 gene
29
4 types of SMA
Type 1: 0-6 months, cant attain sitting Type 2: 7-18 months, cant attain standing Type 3: over 18 months, stands and walks alone. Type 4: adult, walk until later age.
30
presentation of SMA
MSK impairments: limb and trunk weakness, muscle atrophy, hypotonia, areflexia. GI impairments: dysphagia, constipation Respiratory impairments: restrictive lung disease
31
medical management of SMA
Spinraza drug
32
PT management of SMA
Type1: improve or maintain respiratory function, encourage development milestones Type 2: prolong ambulation, minimize contractures. Type 3: strengthen, nutrition, energy conservation
33
etiology of brachial plexus injuries BPI
perinatal BPI, stretch injury to brachial plexus,
34
presentation of different BPI classifications
Erb's Palsy C5-C6 Klumpke's Palsy C8-T1
35
What surgeries and protocols are typical for BPI
Neurosurgery 3-8 months old nerve transfer nerve graft neuroma resection neurolysis Orthopedic surgery Botox of antagonist
36
PT interventions for BPI
Family Education Positioning ROM Strengthening Splinting Aquatics
37
scoliosis classified
Idiopathic scoliosis. infantile, juvenile, adolescent. Cobb method Adams Forward Bend test
38
common medical conservative interventions scoliosis
Postsurgical: bed mobility, ROM, transfers, ADLs Conservative: bracing, strengthening exercise, CP exercise.
39
PT considerations for scoliosis
Leg length asymmetry hip and shoulder heights bilatteral Muscular abnormalities Neurologic abnormalities
40
exam findings for child with developmental dysplasia hip
hip instability hip abduction limitation leg length asymmetry Galeazzi sign
41
PT considerations for developmental dysplasia of hip
Pavlik Harness Spica cast hip flexion and abduction avoid hip extension and adduction
42
CAVE acronym talipes equinovarus (clubfoot)
Cavus Adductus Varus Equinus
43
interventions for child with talipes equinovarus
Ponseti method.
44
PT considerations for talipes equinovarus
Family education milestones ageappropriate play skills strength/ROM
45
disorders arise disruption during neurulation
Spina Bifida Encephalocele Myelomeningocele
46
disruption during neuronal proliferation
Microencephaly Macroencephaly
47
disruption during neural organization
neural developmental abnormalities Lissencephaly Focal cerebral disgenisis
48
disruption during myelination
cerebral white matter hypoplasia postural/motor control
49
what is cerbral palsy
clinical diagnosis based on movement analysis
50
Impairments in CP
Muscle tone/extensibility Decreased muscle strength Impaired skeletal structure/integrity Impaired selective motor control Impaired postural control
51
comorbilities with CP
52
CP classified three ways
GMFCS Topographic distribution of impairments Movement disorders
53
PT evaluation of CP
54
PT considerations for developmental dysplasia of hip
55
CAVE acronym for talipes equinovarus
56
interventions for talipes equinvarus
57
PT considerations for talipes equinovarus
58
risk factors for spina bifida
59
three main types of spina bifida
60
comorbities with spina bifida
61
PT evaluation with spina bifida
62
PT interventions with spina bifida
63
gait training with spina bifida
64
sports related concussion
65
return to school and sport after concussion
66
common causes of ped TBI
67
common impairments with ped TBI
68
Outcome measures PT evaluation of TBI
69
PT structure the environment an/or treatment session for a child with TBI
70
common causes of ped SCI
71
common impairments ped SCI
72
Outcome measures PT evaluation of SCI
73
Interventions for SCI

Pediatrics (3 decks)

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