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Microbiology > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

True or False

The optimal growth range or temperature for an organism is where the organism metabolic processes work at greatest efficiency.

A

True

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2
Q

True or False

The decimal reduction time (rate) is the time needed to reduce a population by 10%.

A

False it’s 90%

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3
Q

True or False

Major elements are needed in large quantities by cells and minor or trace elements are needed in small quantities.

A

True

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4
Q

True or False

Acidophile grow best at pH levels above 5.5

A

False grows best below 5.5

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5
Q

True or false

Halophiles pefer high salt concentrations and therefore do not require water.

A

False do not require water

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6
Q

True or false

Iodine works by oxidation and inhibition of protein/enzyme function.

A

True

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7
Q

True or false

Cold is primarily a bacteriostatic treatment.

A

True

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8
Q

True or false

Nutrients are removed and wasted added in an open system also called a continuous culture.

A

False

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9
Q

True or false

Direct and indirect damage to host tissues should be considered when prescribing an antibiotic or antimicrobial drug.

A

True

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10
Q

True or false

An antibiotic is a substance produced by a living organism that has antimicrobial properties.

A

True

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11
Q

True or false

Enzymes must maintain a specific three dimensional structure to interact properly with their substrate

A

True

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12
Q

True or false

Competitive inhibitors bind to places other than the active site; for instance the allosteric site of the enzyme.

A

False non-competitive

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13
Q

True or false

Competitive inhibitors bind to or near the active site on an enzyme.

A

True

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14
Q

True or false

Psychrophiles have a growth range of approximately 70-110+ degrees Celsius

A

False

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15
Q

True or False

Acidophiles grow best at an environmental pH above 8.5.

A

False

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16
Q

True or False

Fe, C, S, and P are examples of major elements and are therefore required in large quantities by cells.

A

True

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17
Q

True or False

Physical methods of control are less effective than chemical methods of control.

A

False

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18
Q

True or False

Pressure and radiation have a primarily Vidal effect in their control of microbes.

A

False

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19
Q

True or false

The mode of action, inhibit cell wall synthesis has no potential for cross over damage to our cells.

A

True

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20
Q

True or false

Gaseous sterilants denature proteins by replacing hydrogen molecules with alkyl groups.

A

True

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21
Q

Which of the following does not work by oxidation?

A. Dry heat
B. Iodine
C. Aldehydes
D. Peroxygens

A

C. Aldehydes

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22
Q

Which of the following does not work by protein denaturization?

A. Alcohol
B. Phenol
C. Peracetic acid
D. Heavy metals

A

C. Peracetic acid

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23
Q

Which of the following groups would contain pathogens?

A. Mesophiles
B. Thermophiles
C. Hyperthermophiles
D. Psychrotrophs

A

A. Mesophiles

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24
Q

Which of the following cannot use oxygenic respiration to produce ATP?

A. Obligate aerobes
B. Microaerophiles
C. Facultative anaerobes
D. Obligate anaerobes
E. All can be use oxygenic respiration

A

E. All can be use oxygenic respiration

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25
Define: Thermal death Point
The temperature at which all organisms are killed in 10 minutes
26
Define: Thermal death time
The amount of time needed to killed all organisms in a suspension at a given temperature.
27
Define: Equivalent treatments
The approach control is different but the out come is the same
28
Define: Decimal reduction
Reducing the population by 90%
29
Define: Dry heat
Works by oxidation
30
Define: Moist heat
Works by denature and coagulates protein. (More affected)
31
Define: Optimal growth range and temperature
When everything is working at it most efficient
32
Define: growth factor
Got to have it, can’t make it, got to eat it
33
Define: metabolite
Substance required by organelle that it does synthesize not environment.
34
Define: Phenol
Works by protein denaturization and membrane disruption
35
Define: Phenics
Form of phenol works same was phenal
36
Define: Biphenols
Form of phenol except has 2 works same as phenol
37
Define: Filtration
Does not kill just physically removes it through pores
38
List the 5 safety considerations that we discussed.
1. Allergic reactions 2. Drug interactions 3. Damage to host 4. Damage to normal flora 5. Development of resistant
39
Why does treating someone with a protozoan, fungal, or helminthic infection pose potential problems?
Because it can cause damage to the host or cause damage to the normal flora
40
List and explain the 3 categories for risks of infection
Non-critical come in contact with skin Semi-critical come in contact with mucous membrane Critical come in contact with deeper tissue
41
List the 4 factors to consider when choosing a microbial control
1. Microbe 2. Microbe population 3. Environment 4. Risk of infection
42
The decimal reduction rate is the reduction of the microbial population by _____ %
90%
43
__________ simply physically removes organisms from a liquid or gas’s and therefore has no killing effect. The pore size determines what microbes are removed by this method.
Physical methods
44
Which of the 4 microbial control is important and why?
Microbe is important because you have to know what your microbe in order to kill it or control it.
45
Photoautotrophs obtain energy and carbon from ______
Light and inorganic chemical
46
Photoheterotrophs obtain energy and carbon from
Light and organic chemical
47
Chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy and carbon from
Inorganic chemical
48
Chemorganoheterotrophs obtain energy and light from
Organic chemical
49
____ must use fermentation to produce ATP
Obligate fermentors
50
From what do chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy their carbon and energy?
Organic chemial
51
What is active form of an enzyme which includes any coenzymes and cofactors called?
Holoenzyme
52
Which group of organisms requires oxygen but is inhibited by high concentrations?
Mircroaerohiles
53
What is the temperature grouping for the highest growth range (70-110)?
Hyperthermophiles
54
Aldehydes, heavy metals, phenol, moist heat, and gaseous sterilants work by
Protein denaturization
55
Chlorine, dry heat, iodine, and peroxygens works by
Oxidation
56
Alcohol denature ____ and dissolve _____
Proteins and lipids
57
Where does a non-competitive inhibitor bind on an enzyme?
Allosteric site
58
Which phase is least dependent on the nutrient content of the media?
The phase of prolong
59
What is the use and purpose of an enrichment culture?
The use is to obtain a sample from of a natural source and the population is to increase the population desired organisms
60
In the closed system curve above, which 2 phases are directly dependent on the nutrient content of the media?
Log1 phase and lag phase
61
Which of the following require a high salt content? A. Halophiles B. Capnophiles C. Pedophiles D. Metanogens
A. Halophiles
62
Which of the following groups uses inorganic chemicals for both energy and carbon? A. Photoautotrophs B. Chemolithautotrophs C. Chemoorganhetertrophs
B. Chemolithautotrophs
63
Define the open system
Open system is continuous culture
64
Define close system
The close system is bath culture no nutrients or waste are removed
65
Define Lag phase
Gathering resources to reproduce
66
Define log1 phase
The population is increasing but death rate is slow
67
Define stationary phase
The population stays the same
68
Define analogy
The population is decreasing
69
Define the phase of prolong
The population has declined
70
List the 5 oxygens and tell if they require oxygen or not.
1. Obligate Aerobes-requires oxygen 2. Obligate anaerobes- does not require oxygen 3. Facultative Anaerobes both ways 4. Microarophiles likes a little oxygen requires it but is inhibited by high concentrations 5. Obligate fermentors do not care about oxygen
71
List the 4 pHs and tell where they grow best at.
1. Neutophiles is neutral 2. Acidophiles grow best below 5.5 3. Alkalophiles grow best above 8.5 4. Extremophiles grow in extreme environments
72
What are the 5 growth ranges and tell how they like it.
1. Psychrophiles likes it really cold 2. Psychrotrophs likes it cold but not that cold 3. Mesophiles most common includes human flora and pathogens 4. Thermophiles likes it hot 5. Hyperthermophiles likes it really hot
73
Define positive feedback
The products act as input to the system to keep it going. Example child birth
74
Define negative feedback
The product serve as inhibitors to the system. Example the heat in the house Sweating
75
Define active site
Is where it’s going to combine
76
Define catabolic
Breaking something down
77
What is anabolic
Building them together
78
What is competitive inhibition
Products become inhibitors by binding to or near active site
79
What is non-competitive inhibitions
Products become inhibitors by binding to the allosteric site changing the shape of the enzyme.
80
Define doubling tie
The time for a population to double in size
81
Define generation time
The amount of time use to create a generation
82
Define growth range
The cellular process are growing well enough to where they can reproduce
83
Define survival range
The survival range in which the organisms can survival
84
Why can’t people have cross over damage ?
Because we can’t make our own metabolism
85
List 3 inhibit things that antiviral drugs do
1. Inhibits attachment/entry 2. Inhibits nucleus acids n synthesis 3. Inhibits assembly/release
86
Do cold inhibits growth?
Yes
87
What is desiccation?
A removal of water
88
What is antibiotic n what does it do?
It fights bacteria and isn’t a antibiotic it’s actually a drug
89
What do antimicrobial drugs do and works on ?
They target certain essential functions of the microbe and works on microbacteria that get inside our cells to live .
90
What are the 2 controls n what do they do?
1. Cidal kills 2. Static remains the same
91
What is radiation?
A non-ionizing and non-pendrating UV ionizing and penetrating blows holes
92
What is filtration?
Does not kill anything just removes it

Microbiology (6 decks)

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