Test 2

Question 1

Baroque

Answer 1

the traditional blanket term for European art from 1600 to 1750, stylistic term describes art featuring dramatic theatricality and elaborate ornamentation. May derive from Portuguese word barroco, meaning irregularly shaped pearl

Question 2

Camera Obscura

Answer 2

Latin for “dark room”, predecessor to the modern camera in which a pinhole acted as a lens, projecting an inverted and reversed image onto a surface

Question 3

Vanitas

Answer 3

Latin for “vanity”, describes paintings that include references to death, especially 17th century Dutch still lifes

Question 4

Enconchado

Answer 4

technique involving inlaying mother-of-pearl into an oil painting

Question 5

Rococo

Answer 5

a style, primarily of interior design, that appeared in France around 1700, featuring lavish decoration. Derived from French “rocaille”, meaning pebble, referring to the small stones and shells used to decorate grotto interiors

Question 6

Fete galante

Answer 6

French for “amorous festival”, a type of Rococo painting depicting the outdoor amusements of French upper-class society

Question 7

Enlightenment

Answer 7

the Western philosophy based on empirical evidence which dominated the 18th
century. a new way of thinking critically about the world and
humankind–independently of religion, myth, or tradition

Question 8

Grand tour

Answer 8

the traditional trip of multiple European destinations undertaken by aristocrats, the
wealthy, and diplomats. This “pilgrimage” was meant to be a kind of cultural rite of passage

Question 9

Exemplum virtutis

Answer 9

Latin for “example or model of virtue”

Question 10

Yamato-e

Answer 10

also known as native-style painting, a purely Japanese style that often involved
colorful, decorative representations of Japanese narrative or landscapes

Question 11

Shogun

Answer 11

in 12th- through 19th-century Japan, a military governor who managed the country on
behalf of a figurehead emperor

Question 12

Chan Buddhism (Zen)

Answer 12

a Buddhist sect that emphasized enlightenment through intuition and
introspection rather than study of scripture

Question 13

Wabi

Answer 13

a 16th-century Japanese art style characterized by refined rusticity and an appreciation of
simplicity and austerity

Question 14

Sabi

Answer 14

the value found in the old and weathered, suggesting the tranquility of old age

Question 15

Wabi-Sabi

Answer 15

a composite of two interrelated aesthetic concepts, wabi (侘) and sabi (寂), derived from the Buddhist teaching of the three marks of existence (三法印, sanbōin), specifically impermanence (無常, mujō), suffering (苦, ku) and emptiness or absence of self-nature (空, kū). Characteristics of wabi-sabi aesthetics and principles include asymmetry, roughness, simplicity, economy, austerity, modesty, intimacy, and the appreciation of both natural objects and the forces of nature. Richard Powell, “Wabi-sabi nurtures all that is authentic by acknowledging three simple realities: nothing lasts, nothing is finished, and nothing is perfect.”

Question 16

Tokonoma

Answer 16

a shallow alcove in a Japanese tea room, which is used for decoration, such as a
painting or stylized flower arrangement

Question 17

Ukiyo-e

Answer 17

Japanese for “pictures of the floating world,” these woodcut prints made during the Edo
period depicted brothels, popular entertainment, and beautiful women

Question 18

Romanticism

Answer 18

a Western cultural phenomenon, beginning around 1750 and ending about 1850,
that gave precedence to feeling and imagination over reason and thought

Question 19

Incubus

Answer 19

a demon believed in medieval times to prey, often sexually, on sleeping women (inverse: succubus)

Question 20

Realism

Answer 20

a movement that emerged in mid-19th century France. Realist artists represented the
subject matter of everyday life, especially subjects that had been considered inappropriate for
depiction, in a relatively naturalistic mode

Question 21

Palette knife

Answer 21

a flat tool used to scrape off the palette. Artists can also use the palette knife in place of a brush

Question 22

Lithography

Answer 22

a printmaking technique in which the artist uses an oil-based crayon to draw directly on a stone plate and then wets the stone. When ink is rolled onto the stone, it adheres only to the crayon drawing

Question 23

Modernism

Answer 23

a movement in Western art that developed in the second half of the 19th century and sought to capture the images and sensibilities of the age, goes beyond simply dealing with the present and involves artist’s critical examination of art itself

Question 24

Edouard Manet

Answer 24

known as the “father of modernism” as he pushed the social boundaries of art at the time

Question 25

Cochineal

Answer 25

a tiny fuzzy white insect which lives on cacti in the genus Opuntia, feeding on plant moisture and nutrients. The insects are found on the pads of prickly pear cacti, collected by brushing them off the plants, and dried. It is native to tropical and subtropical South America through North America. Carmine dye was used in the Americas for coloring fabrics and became an important export good in the 16th century during the colonial period.