TEST 2 Flashcards
(46 cards)
Homeotherm
an organism that maintains a constant body temperature through metabolic activity.
Poikilotherm:
an organism whose internal body temperature varies widely, generally with the ambient temperature of the environment.
Protein
nutrient in food that is made up of amino acids that is necessary for energy and muscle gain along with making essential components in the cell such as enzymes.
Essential Amino Acids
Those amino acids which have to be obtained from diet since the organism is unable to synthesize it. Essential amino acids for fish , crustaceans, molluscs: arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine,
Carbohydrate
a large group of organic compounds mainly composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates include sugars, starches, and cellulose. They are generally used for energy and structure.
Fat:
a natural oily or greasy substance in bodies deposited as a layer under the skin and around certain organs which adds mass
Lipid:
a class of organic compound that are fatty acids and are insoluble in water. More importantly lipids generally do not mix with water i.e. are immiscible.
Fatty Acid:
a carboxylic acid consisting of a hydrocarbon chain and a terminal carboxyl group in fats and oils.
Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA):
carboxylic acid with a long C-C chain that contains many double bonds. Fatty acids are important dietary sources of fuel for animals because, when metabolized, they yield large quantities of ATP.
Mineral
an inorganic substance. Some are essential for living organisms in minute amounts. These include: calcium, magnesium, manganese, phosphate, sodium, iron, among others.
Vitamin
an organic compound and an essential nutrient that an organism requires in limited amounts.
Ration
can refer to a particular amount of food that is to be given to the organism..or the act of limiting or restricting the diet or some component of the diet. Sometimes the term may simply mean ‘feed’.
Digestion
conversion of fairly large size chunks of feed into the smaller sized micronutrients that can pass through the alimentary tract and into the organism’s blood stream.
Digestibility:
some parts of food are converted to small micronutrients that can be absorbed while some are passed out as undigested feces. Digestibility refers to the ability to break down the food and absorb it.
Enzyme:
A biomolecule that can act as a biological catalyst.
Digestive tract
Involved in production of multiple enzymes that are involved in breaking down food into small enough particles to cross the gut wall.
Feed conversion
In animal husbandry, feed conversion ratio or feed conversion rate, is a ratio or rate measuring of the efficiency with which bodies of livestock (in this case aquatic organisms) convert animal feed into the desired output. (Feed intake/weight gain
Energy requirements (e.g. 25 cal/dec2/h):
Energy requirements necessary for all metabolic functions can be calculated for each species.
Metabolic rate:
The biological process of energy utilization is known as metabolism and the rate at which it is utilized is referred to as the metabolic rate.
Stocking Density:
number of organisms that are held per unit volume.
Crustacean:
Protein requirements in juveniles and adults of most species range between 30-50 percent of their dry diet weight.
Exuvia
describes the remains of an exoskeleton and related structures that are left after insects, crustaceans or arachnids have moulted/molted.
Leached
(with reference to a soluble chemical or mineral) drain away from soil, ash or similar material by the action of percolating liquid, especially rainwater.
Wean
the process by which an organism gradually becomes accustomed to a change in diet; as when a young mammal stops consumption of milk and begins to eat on its own.
