Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology 240 > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

(93 cards)

Start Studying
0
Q

Which of the following fluid compartments contains the largest volume of water

A

Intracellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Arrange the structures of the uribary system in correct sequence

A 
Calyx
Renal pelvis
Ureter
Urinary bladder
Urethra
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The predominant extracellular cation is

A

Sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Obese people are as little as 45% water by weight

A

True. More body fat= less body water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Women average slightly less body water because they have less adipose tissue than men

A

False women have more body fat and less skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The predominant intracellular cation is

A

Potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

One difference between the plasma and interstitial fluid is that the plasma has significantly more ____ than interstitial fluid

A

Protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The primary regulator of plasma sodium concentration

A

ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Increases water reabsorption in the kidneys

A

ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Both potassium and sodium levels in the body are regulated by

A

Aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ms Wilson working in the hot sun loses the greatest amount of water from the

A

Skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which of the following substances releases H+ into a solution

A

Acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which of the following substances bonds to H+ and removes them from solution

A

Buffer system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chemicals that function to resist changes in the pH of body fluids are called

A

Buffers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Glucose and amino acids are absorbed from the glomerular filtrate by

A

The proximal convoluted tube (pct)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The trigone is a triangle region of

A

The bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Delineated by 3 openings 2- ureteral and 1 urethral

A

The bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Trace the path of red blood cells from the renal artery to the glomerulus

A

Interlobar
Arcuate artery
Inter lobular
Afferent

(C) 1 3 2 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Urine formation involves

A

Filtration of plasma
Reabsorption from filtrate
Secretion into filtrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The urinary bladder

A

Is located posterior to the pubic symphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

An obstruction in birin’s afferent arteriole would reduce the flow of blood into her

A

Glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Water moves back and forth across the plasma membrane by the process of

A

Osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The cation that plays a major role in determining the osmotic pressure of the plasma is

A

Na+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The major route of excretion for sodium ions (under normal conditions) is the

A

Kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Water output is regulated by ______ hormone
Anti-diuretic
25
The osmotoreceptor- ADH mechanism can reduce a normal urine production of 1500 ml per day to about ____ ml per day when the body is dehydrated
500
26
The greatest amount of water is lost through the ___
Urine
27
Under normal conditions most water loss from the body is through the ____
Kidneys
28
The normal pH for blood plasma is
7.40
29
Which is not an excretory organ system of the body
Cardiovascular
30
Which is not part of the nephron
Uterer or collecting ducts
31
The kidney functions in
Excretion of wastes and excess ions
32
Which of the following functions would not be performed by the kidneys
Urine storage
33
Each kidney weighs
130g
34
Blood vessels nerves and the ureter enter and leave the kidney at the
Hilium
35
The portion of the kidney that is composed of cone shaped renal pyramids is called the
Medulla
36
The function units of the kidney are calle d
Nephrons
37
The network of capillaries that is located in bowmans capsule is called the
Glomerulus
38
The renal corpuscle consists of
The glomerulus and bowmans capsule
39
T or F. Each kidney contains about 1-1.3 million nephrons
True
40
The visceral layer of Bowmans capsule
Is part of the filtration membrane and contains podocytes
41
The part of the nephron where the blood plasma is filtered is called
Renal corpuscle
42
The inner layer of bowmans capsule consists of modified cells called
Podocytes
43
Which is not part of the renal tubule
Bowmans capsule
44
The juxtaglomerular apparatus consists of a specialized cells called
Juxtaglomerular cells
45
The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the
Distal convoluted tubule
46
The renal corpuscle connects to the
Proximal convoluted tube
47
The juxtamedullary nephrons are solely responsible in regulating
Osmolarity of blood
48
Major stages the kidney uses to convert blood plasma to urine is/are
Glomerular filtration Tubular reabsorption Water conservation
49
Tubular secretion occurs in the
Peritubular capillaries | Vasa recta
50
Tubular reabsorption occurs in the
Proximal convoluted tubule
51
Urine is always hypertonic to the blood plasma
True urine can have as much as 4x the osmolarity of blood plasma
52
A great deal of secretion occurs I. The proximal convoluted tubule due to many microvilli
False mostly reabsorption
53
The kidney is protected from mechanical shock by the
Renal fat pads
54
The ureter expands into the substance of the kidney as the
Renal pelvis
55
The portion of the kidney that is composed of conical masses of tissue renal pyramids is called the renal ____
Medulla
56
The apex of each renal pyramid is called
Renal papilla
57
Essential nutrients
Can not be made in sufficient quantity by the body
58
Which of the following are energy nutrients
Carbs Fats Proteins
59
A kilocalorie is a measure of the
Energy content of food
60
Comes carbs include
Starch Glycogen Cellulose
61
Carbs are absorbed into the blood stream as
Monosaccharides
62
Excess glucose is stored as
Glycogen
63
Which of the following organs can store glycogen
Liver and muscle
64
A compound composed of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule would be a
Triglyceride
65
Olive and peanut oils are both
Mono unsaturated fats
66
Which of the following is an essential fatty acid
Linoleic acid
67
An essential amino acid
Must be supplied in the duct
68
Proteins that function in immunity include
Antibodies
69
Functions in proteins include
Providing structural strength in connective tissue
70
Water soluble Vit include
Vit C
71
Fat soluble vit can be toxic in large doses because they
Can be stored and accumulate in the body tissue
72
Can serve as buffers and components of enzymes
Minerals
73
Which of the following minerals is part of the hemoglobin molecule
Iron
74
Individual basal metabolic rate, degree of muscle activity and body temp and growth rate are factors that
Influence energy needs
75
As a result of hyperventilation
The plasma PCO2 levels decrease
76
An increase in loud co2 levels is followed by a(n) ____ in H+ ions and a(n) ___ in blood pH
Increase/ decrease
77
Once alkalosis has occurred which of the following would you expect to happen
Retention of hydrogen ions by the kidneys
78
When normal buffer mechanisms are overwhelmed by excess number of hydrogen ions, which of the following will result
Acidosis
79
A falling blood ph and rising concentration of co2 due to emphysema indicates
Respiratory acidosis
80
Resp alkalosis an occur as a result of
Hyperventilation
81
How many liters of water does the average body contain
40L
82
Auto regulation in the kidney involves changes in the degree of
Construction of the afferent arterioles
83
When aldosterone is absent, sodium reabsorption in the nephrons is
Greatly decrease d
84
Renin is released by
The kidneys
85
Which of the following would be expected to cause Hyponatremia
Increased ADH production
86
Serum electrolytes concentration are most often expressed in
mEq/L
87
Over secretion of aldosterone causes
Increased secretion of potassium by the kidneys
88
Nephrons directly regulate acid base balance by
Secreting H+ ions Into filtrate
89
The reaction between co2 and h2o is catalyzed by
Carbonic anhydrase
90
If te hydrogen ions concentration in the blood increase bicarbonate ions act as buffed by
Removing excess hydrogen ions from the plasma
91
Which acid bad e imbalance is most likely to occur as a result of an asthma attack
Resp acidosis
92
The most important electrolytes in the body fluid are
``` Na P K Mn S Cl HCO3 H+ ```

Biology 240 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions