Test 2 Flashcards by Joshua Beasley

Pleuritic pain can

Be pointed at!

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Cardiac pain can

Not be pointed at!

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S/S of Pulmonary Embolism

SOB
Acute Pleuritic chest pain
Hemoptysis(coughing up blood)
Cyanosis
tachypnea
Hypoxia
Sudden death

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Cystic Fibrosis

Genetic disease: causes thick mucus in respiratory and digestive tract

Mucus can cause life threatening respiratory infections

Pt.s usually know their disease well and should be utilized in Rx

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Viral respiratory Infections

URI

Respiratory Flu

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RAS must have constant supply of:

Oxygen
Glucose
Water

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Glucose needs what to get in bloodstream?

Insulin

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Oxygen and what is important and needs a constant supply of for the body?

Insulin

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Pancreas does?

Produces insulin

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Type one diabetes

Insulin dependent

Has a broken or damaged pancreas

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Type two diabetes

Non-Insulin dependent

Most likely obese pt.’s

Poor dieting can create type two diabetes which can prob form type one diabetes

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Hypoglycemia

Most common diabetes emergency

Low blood sugar

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What causes hypoglycemia?

Takes too much insulin

Reduces sugar intake by not eating

Over exerts or over exercises

Vomits

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S/S of hypoglycemia(any of them)

Pale, moist(clammy) skin
Diaphoresis
Dizziness, headache
Rapid bounding pulse
Slightly elevated BP
Fainting, seizure, or coma
Aggressive, lethargic or unusual behavior
Hunger

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Can stress raise the need for insulin

Yes

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Low insulin equals

Hyperglycemia

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Normal ranges for blood sugar

80-120
60-80 symptomatic diabetic
120 possible Hyperglycemia

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Healing time for diabetics….

Take longer than usual

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Do u give glucose to an unconscious pt. ?

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Oral Glucose: generic, trade, actions, indications, contra, adverse effects, dose

Generic: glucose
Trade: glucose, Insta-glucose
Actions: increases blood sugar levels
Indications: ALOC w/ diabetic history
Contra: unconscious unable to swallow
Adverse effects: none if given properly
Dose: 1 tube

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While at a diabetic call where the pt. just needed oral glucose what do you do before you leave?

Make sure she eats something

What are the 3 “P’s”?

Polyuria: frequent urination
Polydipsia: frequent drinking of liquid
Polyphagia: excessive eating(rare)

Ventilation Problems

Upper/lower airway obstruction
Chest wall Impairment
Neurogenic Dysfunction

Examples of upper/lower airway obstruction

Foreign body
Edema
Asthma
Epiglottis

What usually causes chest wall impairment?

Trauma

Causes to Neurogenic Dysfunction?

1. Depressant drugs | 2. CVA

Diffusion problems

1. Inadequate O2 in ambient air 2. Alveolar pathology 3. Interstitial space pathology

Reasons for Inadequate O2 in ambient air?

1. Fire environment | 2. Carbon Monoxide poisoning

What is some examples of alveolar pathology?

1. Lung disease | 2. Inhalation Injury

What are some examples of Interstitial space pathology?

1. Pulmonary Edema (fluid in lungs) | 2. Near Drowning

Ventilation means

Getting oxygen to lungs

Diffusion means

Getting oxygen to the blood

Perfusion means

Getting oxygen to tissue

Perfusion problems

1. Inadequate blood vine or Hgb levels 2. Impaired circulatory blood flow 3. Capillary blood pathology

What can cause inadequate blood volume or Hgb levels?

1. Shock | 2. Anemia

What can cause impaired circulatory blood flow?

Pulmonary Embolism

What can cause capillary blood pathology?

Trauma (damaged capillaries)

S/S of SOB

1. ALOC 2. Tachycardia 3. Bradycardia(especially in children) 4. Changes in RR 5. Changes in Respiratory Rhythm 6. Changes in skin signs 7. NBIOB 8. Inability to speak in complete sentences 9. Accessory muscle use 10. Retractions 11. Coughing 12. Flared nostrils, and pursed lips 13. What poison were they found in?

What are the general treatment guidelines?

1. Focused history& physical exam 2. Poison of comfort 3. Give O2 4. Airway management 5. Transport ASAP

Assessments for respiratory problems

1. ABC's 2. OPQRST 3. Check for: - JVD - Accessory muscle use - Lung sounds - Abdominal discomfort/distention - Pedal edema

The 4 Lung sounds

1. Wheezes 2. Crackles 3. Rhonchi 4. Stridor

Wheezes are....

High pitched sounds when air moves through narrowed passages

Crackles(rakles) are.....

Fine crackling or bubbling caused by fluid in alveoli

Rhonchi(lung butter) are....

Caused by secretions in the lower airway

Stridor is a ....

High pitched sound in upper airway often from partial obstruction

What is CPAP?

A special mask that blows pressurized O2 into lungs

What does CPAP do?

1. Prevents alveoli from collapsing at end of exhalation | 2. Pushes fluid back into capillaries

When do you use CPAP?

1. When there is fluid in the lungs(drowning, pulmonary edema) 2. Obstructive diseases(asthma, and COPD)

When do you not use CPAP?

1. ALOC (need to protect own airway) 2. Lack of respiratory drive (CPAP increases pressure but not respiratory rate) 3. Inability to sit up 4. Hypotension (systolic must be >90) 5. Inability to maintain tight seal w/mask 6. Vomiting 7. Penetrating chest trauma 8. Shock 9. GI bleeding

What can pulmonary edema result from?

1. Usually CHF 2. Near drowning 3. Smoke inhalation 4. Toxic chemical inhalation 5. Traumatic chest injuries 6. Altitude illness