Test #2

Question 0

The summing of many EPSP’s from a single presynaptic neuron over a short period of time is called

Answer 0

Temporal Summation

Question 1

The white parts on a muscle fiber are

Answer 1

Fat droplets

Question 2

A muscular contraction that results in a movement of body parts is called _____________

Answer 2

Isotonic Contraction

Question 3

The most fatiguable muscle fiber type is __________

Answer 3

Type llx

Question 4

Eccentric muscle contraction is a contraction involving

Answer 4

the lengthening of the muscle fibers

Question 5

The thin muscle fibers located within the muscle spindle are called

Answer 5

intrafusal fibers

Question 6

Which of the following neuron is responsible for muscle spindle contraction?

Answer 6

Gamma motor neuron

Question 7

Nerve fibers that conduct impulses away from the CNS is are called

Answer 7

efferent

Question 8

Receptors responsile for detection of the motion or position of the body or limb are caused by

Answer 8

propriceptors

Question 9

True/False? During muscle contraction, the a band in a sarcomere may disappear

Answer 9

False

Question 10

True/False? Hyperthermia is a factor causing fatigue during prolonged exercise

Answer 10

False

Question 11

Accumulation of H+ causes

Answer 11

Muscle Fatigue

Question 12

As we discussed in class, ___________ of a muscle fiber are observed under an electron microscope … a full course of marathon

Answer 12

a ruptured z line

Question 13

True/False? The neurotransmitter released from the sympathetic nerve ending is norepinephrine.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

The release of acetylcoline from the axon terminal of an alpha-motor neuron is caused by

Answer 14

increase in Na efflux

Question 15

The release of ___________ from the axon terminal of an alpha-motor neuron is caused by increase in Na efflux

Answer 15

acetylcoline

Question 16

During normal body movement, the skeletal muscles perform __________ contraction.

Answer 16

tetanus

Question 17

In general, a sedentary individual can lose __% of his/her muscle mass by the age of 80

Answer 17

50

Question 18

the right order of the simplified events in the sliding filament model

Answer 18

Ca binds to troponin -> myosin binds to actin -> power stroke -> ATP binds to myosin -> ….

Question 19

The amount of force exerted during muscular contraction depends on

Answer 19

the type of motor units recruited

Question 20

Fast twitch fibers contain

Answer 20

a relatively small number of mitochondria and high ATPase activity

Question 21

What is the primary energy source in ultra short performances (less than 10sec)?

Answer 21

ATP-PC

Question 22

True/False? Running economy becomes an increasingly important determinant of success as the duration
of the performance increases.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

__________ refers to an inability to continue to exercise at a given intensity

Answer 23

Fatigue

Question 24

What would be the immediate solution for central fatigue?

Answer 24

motivation

Question 25

Reaction time and skill would be most important for

Answer 25

a sprinter competing in the 100-m dash

Question 26

Endurance training may result in

Answer 26

increased number of mitochrondria

Question 27

The skeletal muscle cell membrane (the membrane wrapping an individual cell) is called

Answer 27

sarcolemma

Question 28

Slight stretching of muscle fibers will

Answer 28

increase cross-bridge interaction of the muscle filaments

Question 29

In human, strength training can cause

Answer 29

muscle hypertrophy

Question 30

Which of the following covers myosin binding site on actin as we discussed in class?

Answer 30

tropomyosin

Question 31

Parasympathetic neurons are located in

Answer 31

brain stem and sacral spinal cord

Question 32

Which part of the following is responsible for organizing complex movements?

Answer 32

cerebrum

Question 33

The Cerebrum is responsible for organizing ___________ movements

Answer 33

complex

Question 34

True/False? Men have more fast-twitch fibers than women do.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

The resting membrane potential of a neuron is about ___mV

Answer 35

-70

Question 36

Type I muscle fibers look red due to

Answer 36

the presence of oxygen binding to myoglobin

Question 37

Muscle spindles provide sensory information relative to

Answer 37

the length of muscle

Question 38

True/False? The “knee jerk” or stretch reflex is due to rapid stretch of the golgi tendon, which result in reflex contraction of the extensor muscles.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

The golgi tendon organs monitor

Answer 39

tension produced by muscular contraction

Question 40

True/False? The muscle spindles are also called “safety device”

Answer 40

False

Question 41

Stimulation of sympathetic nervous system may cause

Answer 41

increase in energy utilization.

Question 42

The repolarization is caused by

Answer 42

decrease in Na+ influx and increase in K+ efflux

Question 43

A successful endurance athlete would likely have a higher percentage of __________ compared to a sedentary individual.

Answer 43

type I fibers

Question 44

True/False? Recent evidence suggests that rigorous endurance exercise training can result in a conve… fiber type.

Answer 44

True

Question 45

___________ is the number of muscle fibers per motor neuron AND fine movement control has low innervation ratio.

Answer 45

Innervation ratio

Question 46

The autonomic nervous system can be divided into two functional divisions called

Answer 46

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 47

True/False? The elevation of sympathetic nervous system cause increase in motility of gastrointestinal (GI) tract

Answer 47

False

Question 48

True/False? Motor end plate is a part of the neuromuscular junction

Answer 48

False

Question 49

The ____________ ___________ is the place for Ca2+ storage

Answer 49

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 50

The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the place for ____ Storage

Answer 50

Ca2+

Question 51

What is in the right order of the skeletal muscle components?

Answer 51

Muscle -> fascicle -> muscle fiber -> myofibril -> filament

Question 52

The smallest contractile unit in skeletal muscle is a ___________

Answer 52

sarcomere

Question 53

The change in muscle fiber type would most likely occur as a result of endurance training is

Answer 53

type IIx -> type IIa

Question 54

The Motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates is called a

Answer 54

motor unit

Question 55

The two prinicipal contractile protein filaments found in skeletal muscle are

Answer 55

actin and myosin

Question 56

True/False? At any given velocity of movement, the peak force is greater in muscles that contain a high percentage of fast twitch fibers when compared to muscles that possess predominantly slow twitch fibers

Answer 56

True

Question 57

Fast-Twitch fibers contain a relatively

Answer 57

small number of mitochondria and high ATPase activity

Question 58

The trigger to initiate the contractile process in skeletal muscles is

Answer 58

calcium binding to troponin

Question 59

During the initial period of disuse (i.e., 2 days), muscle atrophy is predominantly due to

Answer 59

decreased protein synthesis

Question 60

The site where the motor neuron and muscle cell meet is called the

Answer 60

motor unit

Question 61

True/False? In sprinting type activities, ONLY fast twitch muscle fibers are recruited

Answer 61

True

Question 62

Calcium is stored in muscle within the

Answer 62

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 63

Type IIx fibers have __________.

Answer 63

high specific tension

Question 64

The motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates is called a

Answer 64

Motor Unit

Question 65

The part of the nervous system that controls the Brain and spinal cord is the ____

Answer 65

CNS

Question 66

The two divisions of the Peripheral nervous system (PNS) are

Answer 66

Sensory and Motor

Question 67

____________ conduct impulses toward cell body

Answer 67

Dendrites

Question 68

The ________ carries electrical impulse away from cell body toward another neuron or effector organ.

Answer 68

Axon

Question 69

____________ __________ formed by Schwann cells; the insulating envelope surrounding the core of an axon and facilitating the transmission of nerve impulses

Answer 69

Myelin sheath

Question 70

_____________ fibers of the autonomic nervous system are non-myelinated

Answer 70

Postganglionic

Question 71

Neurons are an “_________ __________”

Answer 71

excitable tissue

Question 72

____________ ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it to a neural impulse

Answer 72

Irritability

Question 73

____________ transmission of the impulse along the axon

Answer 73

Conductivity

Question 74

________ ________ Occurs when a stimulus of sufficient strength depolarizes the cell. Inside becomes more positive (from about -70 to +30mv)

Answer 74

Action Potential

Question 75

______________ once a nerve impulse is initiated, it will travel the length of the neuron

Answer 75

All or None law

Question 76

EPSP- Summing from several different presynaptic neurons

Answer 76

Spatial summation

Question 77

_____ Causes inhibitory postsynaptic potential (hyperpolarization)

Answer 77

Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSP)

Question 78

Example: gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) opens Cl channels

Answer 78

Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSP)

Question 79

IPSP stands for

Answer 79

Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials

Question 80

At rest, neurons are __________ charged in the interior with respect to the electrical charge outside the cell.

Answer 80

negatively

Question 81

Neurons communicate with other neurons at junctions called ___________.

Answer 81

synapses

Question 82

Synaptic transmission occurs when sufficient amounts of a specific neurotransmitter are released from the _________ neuron.

Answer 82

presynaptic

Question 83

Upon release, the neurotransmitter binds to a receptor on the ___________ membrane.

Answer 83

postsynaptic

Question 84

____________ - receptors that provide CNS with information about body position. Chiefly located in muscles, tendons, joints, and the inner ear

Answer 84

Proprioceptors

Question 85

The nickname of muscles spindles are

Answer 85

the length detector

Question 86

_________________ - Located in tendons. | Monitors tension developed in muscle. Stimulation results in reflex relaxation of muscle.

Answer 86

Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO)

Question 87

_______________ - Sensitive to changes in the chemical environment surrounding a muscle. Provide CNS about metabolic rate of muscular activity

Answer 87

Muscle Chemoreceptors

Question 88

_________________ - Located in the inner ear | Responsible for maintaining general equilibrium and balance. Sensitive to changes in linear and angular acceleration

Answer 88

Vestibular Apparatus

Question 89

``` _______________- is responsible for maintaining postural tone, eye movement & muscle tone, Cardiorespiratory control (contain major autonomic regulatory center (respiratory and cardiovascular system) ```

Answer 89

Brain stem