test 2 Flashcards
(162 cards)
1
Q
More older adults wish to remain in their homes and live independently (or with minimal support). This trend towards staying in home is termed ______. Not only does the practitioner evaluate the client’s skills, abilities, and safety in the home, but the OT practitioner also examines the support system in place for the client.
A
aging in place
2
Q
Practitioners are required to comply with ____ ethics and ____ mandates.
A
professional (ethics); legal (mandates)
3
Q
___ and ___ can be closely intertwined but not the same
A
Ethics; Laws
4
Q
The OT ____ provides core values and defines enforceable Principles and Standards of Conduct
A
Code of Ethics
5
Q
The 7 ____ are: altruism, equality, freedom, justice, dignity, truth, prudence
A
core values
6
Q
The 7 ___ provide foundation to guide OT personnel in interactions with others. These are not enforceable standards but are considered when determining most ethical course of action.
A
core values
7
Q
The 6 ____ are: beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, justice, veracity, fidelity. These are enforceable for professional behavior.
A
Principles and Standards of Conduct
8
Q
The first Principle, ____, states that the Occupational therapy personnel shall demonstrate a concern for the well-being and safety of the recipients of their services. This is all forms of action that benefits other persons. These are acts of mercy, kindness, charity. It is taking action and promoting good by preventing harm
A
Beneficence
9
Q
The 2nd Principle, ____, states that the Occupational therapy personnel shall refrain from actions that cause harm. In other words, do no harm to others. It is the Standard of “due care”
A
non-maleficence
10
Q
The 3rd Principle, ____, states that the Occupational therapy personnel shall respect the right of the individual to self-determination, privacy, confidentiality, and consent. It is the duty to treat the client according to the client’s desires. It is the duty to protect the client’s confidentiality. It is referred to as the “self-determination principle”
A
autonomy
11
Q
The 4th principle, ____, states that Occupational therapy personnel shall promote fairness and objectivity in the provision of occupational therapy services. Relates to fair, equitable and appropriate treatment. It involves being impartial. It also involves being consistent and following rules to generate unbiased decisions in order to promote fairness.
A
Justice
12
Q
The 5th principle, ____, states that Occupational therapy personnel shall provide comprehensive, accurate, and objective information when representing the profession. This principle is based on virtues and it fosters understanding. This is not just to clients, but it also includes: colleagues, students, professors, researchers, and research participants.
A
veracity
13
Q
The 6th principle, ___, states that Occupational therapy personnel shall treat clients with respect, fairness, discretion, and integrity. The translation of this means loyal. It involves keeping commitment: promises made between provider and client, staying with patient in time of need, compliance with code of ethics. It can be implied or explicit promises. This principle meets reasonable expectations.
A
fidelity
14
Q
___ Statutes pertain to all states and can be enforced by federal court systems. Violations include: fines, injunctions, prison time. Examples of this include: HIPAA, ADA, Social Security Amendments
A
federal
15
Q
___ Statutes pertain to specific state. It is passes by state legislatures. Examples include: licensing, CEUs, License renewal, child abuse laws, elder abuse laws, insurance regulations.
A
state
16
Q
The ____ process involves AOTA Jurisdiction/Sanctions: reprimand, censure, probation, suspension, revocation. It is the responsibility of the license board to protect the public from direct or potential harm.
A
Disciplinary
17
Q
____ is basing practice on the best available research evidence
A
evidence based practice
18
Q
____ is a set of ideas that help explain things and how they work
A
theory
19
Q
___ are ideas that represent something in the mind of the individual
A
concepts
20
Q
____ are ideas that explain the relationship between two or more concepts
A
principles
21
Q
____ is a system that applies theory and puts principle into practice, providing practitioners with specifics on how to treat specific clients
A
frame of reference
22
Q
____ is a way of organizing that takes the philosophical base of the profession and provides terms to describe practice, tools for evaluation,and a guide for intervention.
A
models of practice
23
Q
The purpose of ____ is to: validate and guide practice, justify reimbursement, clarify specialization issues, enhance growth of the profession and growth of professional members, educate competent practitioners.
A
theory
24
Q
___ of practice is a way of organizing that takes the philosophical base of the profession and provides terms to describe practice, tools for evaluation, and a guide for intervention. Examples include: Model of Human Occupation (MOHO), Canadian Model of Occupational Performance (CMOP), Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance (PEOP)
A
model of practice
25
____ addressees specific aspect. It includes: Description of the population, theory regarding change, function and dysfunction, principles of intervention, role of practitioner, evaluation instruments.
frame of reference
26
The _____ process involves working with family and other professionals
consultation process
27
The ___ process is used during OT intervention to help meet goals and engage in occupations
educational
28
The four categories of the ____ are: therapeutic use of self, therapeutic use of occupations and activities, consultation process, educational process
OTPF
29
The therapeutic use of _____ includes the use of preparatory, purposeful, and occupation- based activity.
occupations and activities
30
____ methods include: sensory input, therapeutic exercise, physical agent modalities (PAMs), orthotics
prepatory
31
___ activity is goal-directed behaviors or tasks that comprise occupations. The activity is purposeful if the individuals is an active, voluntary participant and if the activity is directed toward a goal.
purposeful
32
_____ is learned through practice and becomes second nature with OT experience.
Activity analysis
33
____ is knowing how to grade activities and when and how to provide adaptions and assistive technology.
activity synthesis
34
____ is the performance of occupation-related activities by the client, including activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, work and school tasks, and play or leisure tasks
occupation-based activity
35
The ___ is characterized by: administration, levels of care, areas of practice. These all influence OT services provided to clients.
setting
36
___ refers to the system's organization and management
administration
37
___ is the type of service and length of time a client receives services.
levels of care
38
Areas of ___ are the types of conditions that the setting serves
practice
39
The ___ administration setting is operated by state and federal agencies. Ex: VA hospitals
public
40
The ___ (not for profit) administration setting receives special tax exemptions and typically charge a fee for services. Ex: Hospitals with religious affiliations (CHI Hospitals)
private
41
The ___ (for profit) administration setting is owned and operated by individual or group of investors. Ex: Nebraska Orthopaedic Hospital
private
42
Levels of care: ____ is provided to the consumer along the continuum (continuum of care)
Healthcare
43
___ care is the first level of care and is normally in hospital services; expensive
acute
44
_____ of 1983 (PPS) changed how hospitals were paid by medicare. It defined reimbursement for hospitals. It is incentive for hospitals and physicians to reduce costs and to discharge patients from hospitals as soon as possible.
prospective payment system
45
_____ (DRGs) = groupings of disease categories that medicare and and other third party payers use as a basis for hospital payment schedules
Diagnosis-related groups
46
____ care is the interim level of care. Client needs care but doesn't require an intensive level or specialized services (reducing cost). It goes from 1-4 weeks. OT is a major component of this
sub-acute
47
___ care is medically stable but chronic condition requiring services over time; possibly for life. Ex: SNF; extended care facility; outpatient clinics; community based programs,etc.
Long-term
48
___ are grouped into: Biological (medical), Psychological, and Sociological (social).
Areas of practice
49
____ (medical) areas of practice include: hospitals, clinics, home health agencies, SNF
Biological
50
____ areas of practice include: Institutions. community mental health centers, supervised living facilities
Psychological
51
____ (social) areas of practice include: schools, special education, day treatment facilities, workshops, hippotherapy centers
sociological
52
___ settings include long-terms care facilities; provides residences for people for long periods of time; and address biological, psychological, and sociological functions.
All-inclusive
53
Examples of ___ settings include: correctional facilities, hospice, health maintenance organizations, community transition programs, aquatic therapy, wellness programs.
Nontraditional
54
____ due to emerging areas of practice and emerging niches examples: driving assessments, vision, technology, and wellness.
Growth of practice
55
_____ workforce that is active is roughly 137,000. This includes roughly 102,500 occupational therapists and 34,500 occupational therapy assistants
current
56
The ____ states: "We envision that occupational therapy is a powerful, widely recognized, science-driven, and evidence-based profession with a globally connected and diverse workforce meeting society's occupational needs.
centennial vision
57
The ____ provides direction of the profession, reflects commitment to return to the roots of the profession (which is back to "occupation"), focuses on research, education, scholarly work, and embraces the uniqueness of the profession which leads to benefits in: physical; psychological, and social, motivation, generalization, and improved motor learning.
centennial vision
58
6 _____ (stated by Carolyn Baum) are: Aging in place; Driver assesments and training programs, Community health and wellness; Needs of children and youth; Ergonomics consulting; Technology and assistive-device developing and consulting.
emerging areas of practice
59
____ = Baby boomers began turning 65 years. This demographic is becoming larger and larger in nearly every area of health care practice and 2/3 of baby boomers have at least one chronic disease. They are living longer and want to live as independently as possible at home.
Aging in place
60
OT services for ___ include: home modifications; consultation; energy conservation; education; remediation; home safety (cooking safety, emergency numbers, physical safety with activities); medication management; support system and structure within home; psychological well-being.
Aging in place
61
____ require judgement, sequencing, visual perception skills. The OT determines a person's ability to drive safely after trauma, illness, or decline in function; evaluates cognition and physical abilities; remediate poor abilities; and provide adaptions to accommodate skills.
Driving Assessments and Training Programs
62
___ is promotion of health and wellness within the community. OT services include: Knowledge and expertise; "hot topic" especially after ACA; Healthy People 2020; Promote the person not the disease; Work with community members to plan, organize and implement programs; and Consulting with accessibility for patrons (i.e. playgrounds, buildings, etc.)
Community and Wellness
63
____ is a growing area of practice for OT. OT services include: Developing programs to promote healthy living; Early intervention; Advocacy for children; Transitioning for children with special needs to school system; Education environment; Home environment; Community environment; Creativity. Needs are constantly changing for this.
Children and Youth
64
____ is "fitting jobs to people." OT services include: Recommendations for individuals and companies; Seating, positioning, lifting and other physical requirements; Promote safety, efficiency, productivity, and comfort; Prevent work place injuries (including musculoskeletal injury); Prevent work place falls; Benefits company (fewer missed work days leads to lower costs to the company and the client)
Ergonomics Consulting
65
_____ involves assisted technology (adaptive technology). OT services include: Utilize technology to promote independence; Skilled at analyzing activities, including movement patterns; OT serves as consultant in development of devices. There is a wide range in this.
Technology and Assistive Device Developing and Consulting.
66
```
Developmental tasks for ____ include:Competency phase;
Choices;
Fluctuations in behaviors;
Refinement of skills;
Play is symbolic, dramatic;
Fantasy play;
Learns social and physical contexts;
Learns right from wrong;
Develops conscience
```
Early childhood
67
Developmental tasks for ____ include: Achievement stage;
Learns physical skills;
Increase speed, accuracy and coordination;
Learns social roles;
Develops attitudes of self;
Develops skills (i.e. reading, writing, etc.);
Achieves personal independence;
Separates from family
late childhood
68
Developmental tasks for ___ year olds include: Exploration phase;
Motor milestones;
Oral motor control;
Social trust develops;
Regulates sleep/awake cycle;
Fine motor development;
Engages in solitary play and sensory movements
0-1
69
The ___ provides information on the process of providing occupation-based intervention. It helps practitioners use the "language" and constructs of occupation to serve clients and educate consumers.
OTPF
70
The goal for ____ is to get clients to engage in occupation(s). These areas include: Activity of Daily Living; Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; Rest/Sleep; Education; Work; Play; Leisure; Social Participation
Areas of Occupation
71
___ refers to activities involved in taking care of one's own body
Activities of Daily Living (ADLS)
72
___ refers to activities that may be considered optional and involve the environment
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs)
73
____ support health participation in occupations (like rest and sleep)
Restorative Activities
74
___ = area of occupation including formal education and informal learning
Education
75
___ refers to paid or volunteer activities (entire range)
work
76
___ is spontaneous or organized activity that provides enjoyment, entertainment, amusement, or diversion
play
77
___ refers to nonobligatory activity (planning and participation)
Leisure
78
___ is activities involving interaction with others, including family, community, peers/friends
Social participation
79
____ skills are dependent upon: Client factors; Performance patterns; Activity demands; and Context
performance
80
___ skills are: Coordination; Mobility; Strength and effort
Motor
81
___ skills are: Knowledge; Temporal organization/sequencing of steps; Organizing space and objects
Process
82
___ factors include: Values, beliefs and spirituality; Body functions; body structures
client
83
___ patterns include: Habits; Routines; Roles; Rituals
Performance
84
____ include: Cultural; Personal; Physical; Social; Temporal; Virtual
Context and Environment
85
___ include: Objects used and their properties; Space demands; Social demands; Sequencing and timing; Required actions; Required body functions; Required body structures.
Activity Demands
86
____ Keypoints: The process outlined is dynamic and interactive in nature;
Context is an overarching, underlying, and embedded influence on the process of service delivery;
The term client is used to name the entity who receives OT services;
A client-centered approach is used throughout the Framework;
“Engagement in occupation” is viewed as the overarching outcome of the OT process
Occupational Therapy Process
87
In order to build an ___ you need to include: Background information of client; Goals; Habits; Occupations; History. This is normally obtained through interview and can include assessments to obtain additional information
Occupational Profile
88
The ___ is developed once the evaluation is completed. It determines strength and areas of weakness. It involves: analyzing the areas of performance; analyzing contexts in which occupations are performed. This is developed to address clients areas of importance, this includes: description of goals (designed to be meaningful, relevant to client, measureable, and occupation based.
Intervention plan
89
The 5 General Approaches to ___ are: Create/Promote (opportunities for individuals with or without disabilities); Maintain (continue to perform in the manner in which he/she is accustomed); Modify (compensation & adaption); Prevent (engage in activities to prevent or slow down disease, trauma; or poor health)
intervention
90
___ is a way to organize one's thoughts
Models of Practice
91
___ is a way to implement therapy
Frames of Reference
92
___ is selecting activities and occupations that will meet goals and involve purposeful activity
Therapeutic Use of Occupations and Activities
93
___ is the art of relating to clients, which involves being aware of oneself and of the client and being in command of what is communicated
Therapeutic Use of Self
94
___ is when you use knowledge and expertise as practitioners to collaborate with clients. This is not responsible for outcomes of the intervention
Consultation
95
___ is imparting knowledge to the client
education
96
The ___ is trained at the technical level and works under supervision of OT
Occupational Therapy Assistant
97
The ___ does not receive specialized training before working in the field and received on-the-job training
Occupational Therapy Aid
98
Evaluation for the ___ involves: directing the evaluation process; directing all aspects of the initial contact. The ___ can not evaluate.
OT; OTA
99
Intervention Planning for the ___ involves the overall development of the intervention plan and collaborates with client to develop plan. The ___ is knowledgeable of evaluation results.
OT; OTA
100
Intervention implementation for the ___ is involved in overall implementation of the intervention; providing appropriate supervision with delegating aspects to the ___. The ___ is knowledgeable of client goals; selecting, implementing and modifying their act
OT; OTA; OTA
101
The Intervention for the ___ involves determining the need for continuing, modifying, or discontinuing services. The ___ is involved with exchanging information with and providing documentation to the ___.
OT; OTA; OT
102
The outcome for the __ involves selecting, measuring, and interpreting outcomes. The ___ implements outcome measurements.
OT;OTA
103
____ team involves variety of disciplines that work in common setting
Multidisciplinary
104
___ team --> Members cross over professional boundaries and share roles and functions; Blurring of traditional roles
Transdisciplinary
105
___ team maintain own professional roles while using cooperative approach that is interactive and centered on a common problem to solve
Interdisciplinary
106
The ___ are: Knowledge; Critical Reasoning; Interpersonal Abilities; Performance Skills; Ethical Reasoning
Standards of Continuing Competence
107
The ___ involves: Interaction between client and therapist;
Collaborative;
Problem-solving;
Dynamic;
Focus is on occupation. It is divided into evaluation, intervention, outcome.
OT Process
108
___ can include: Referral; Screening; Developing an occupational profile; Analyzing occupational performance. It bases procedures on: Age; Diagnosis; Developmental level; Education; Socioeconomic status; Cultural background; and Functional Abilities.
Evaluation
109
A __ is a request for services for a specific person. The OT is responsible for accepting and responding to the referral
Referral
110
___ is the gathering of preliminary information about the client
Screening
111
The ___ is information gathered from Occupational Profile, OT makes decisions regarding the analysis of occupational performance. The information provides direction to the OT for areas that may need further examination. Results for this are documented and is the basis for the intervention plan
Occupational performance analysis
112
An ___ is the primary mechanism to gather information for occupational profile. It is a planned and organized way to gather all pertinent information from client.
Interview
113
An ___ is information gathered from the client. Information gathered is: Age, gender, reason for referral, diagnosis, medical history (including date of onset), prior living situation and level of function, social, educational and vocational background
occupational profile
114
___ involves gathering information about the client and/or environment by watching, viewing, or noticing
Observation skills
115
___ determines existing performance level of a client. It can include: tests, instruments, strategies. It has specific guidelines that make it easy to duplicate and critically analyze
formal assessment
116
The ___ involves problem solving methods to improve occupational performance. It requires the practitioner to develop goals, select activities, direct intervention to guide the client of new ways. The process includes: Intervention planning, Implementation, and Review
Intervention Process
117
___ is based on analysis of the information accumulated during the evaluation
intervention planning
118
The ___ is revaluation of the client's progress. It involves monitoring: clients needs, circumstances, and conditions to ID if change to the intervention plan is required. It also involves retesting and reevaluation
Intervention review
119
___ is the coordination or facilitation of services for purpose of preparing the client for a change
Transition services
120
____ is the thought process that therapists use to evaluate clients and how to design and carry out intervention. This is supported by research and evidence based practice (EBP).
clinical reasoning
121
3 elements for ___ are:
Scientific "What are possible things that can be done for the client?"
Ethical "What should be done for the client?"
Artistic "What is the 'right action' for this client?"
clinical reasoning
122
Steps in the thought process for ___ are:
1. Pre-assesment image
2. Cue acquisition
3. Hypothesis generation
4. Cue interpretation
5. Hypothesis evaluation
clinical reasoning
123
____ are used to adapt interventions to meet client's individual needs
strategies
124
Types of ___ are:
1. Procedural reasoning
2. Interactive reasoning
3. Conditioning reasoning
4. Narrative reasoning
5. Pragmatic reasoning
strategies
125
A ___ is learning procedural skills and they get comfortable with performing and refining techniques and procedures
novice
126
An ___ can recognize additional cues
advanced beginner
127
A ___ sees/views more facts and determines the importance of the facts and observations and has a broader understanding of the client's problems
competent
128
An ___ understands and recognize rules of practice and often uses intuition
expert
129
___ provides a foundation for: making choices, helping improve the client's ability to function, and engage in occupation
clinical reasoning
130
A ____ helps organize one's thinking, where-as a ____ is a tool to guide one's intervention.
models of practice, frame of reference
131
In the ___ process the code of ethics applies to members
disciplinary
132
____ are enforceable for professional behavior
Principles and standards of conduct
133
The 4 ____ are:
1. Therapeutic use of self
2. Therapeutic use of occupations and activities
3. Consultation process
4. Educational process
intervention modalities
134
____ identified the emerging areas of practice
Carolyn Baum
135
The purpose of ____ is to find out what the client wants and needs and to identify factors that support or hinder occupational performance
evaluation
136
The ___ is the last step. A client is discharged when: They have reached their goals, when he/she and/or you feel maximum benefit has been reached, and when he/she does not wish to continue services.
discontinuation of services
137
____ is 1-6 years
Early childhood
138
____ is 6-12 years
later childhood
139
___ is considered to be ages 12-20 years
Adolescence
140
Developmental tasks for ___ are: Learns habits for adult roles;
Role transitions;
Develops more mature relationships with peers;
Social roles are defined;
Achieves assurance from economic independence;
Prepares for “life” (occupation, marriage, family);
Develops intellectual skill and concepts;
Responsible for behavior;
Acquires a set of values and ethics
Adolescence
141
____ are 20-40 years of age
young adults
142
___ are 40-65 years of age
middle adults
143
```
Developmental tasks for ___ are: Ability to function independently;
Selecting and establishing a career;
Formation of significant relationships;
Leaving home;
Develop self-identity;
Managing a home;
Establishing a family;
Child rearing.
```
Young adulthood
144
Developmental tasks for ___ are: Midlife crisis;
Achieving civic and social responsibility – legacy;
Developing adult leisure time activities;
Children leave home/empty nest;
Ongoing financial responsibilities
Middle adulthood
145
___ is typically considered to be over the age of 65
Later adulthood
146
Developmental tasks for ___ are: Adjustment to decrease physical strength and health;
Retirement and/or reduced income;
Death of spouse, peers and family members;
Adjustments to one’s own impending death;
Establishing new relationships with “new” people within age group;
Meeting social obligations;
Volunteerism;
Independent living
Later adulthood
147
Treatment settings & areas of practice for ____ is: NICU; Hospitals; Early intervention programs; and Home health agencies
infancy
148
OT Practitioners working in the ___ must receive advanced specialized training. Outpatient care is an option, some infants discharged from the hospital may receive periodic checkups at outpatient clinics to monitor their development and growth.
NICU
149
____ programs provides services for children 0-3 years of age and may provide services at home or in specialized daycare settings. Focuses on family centered care.
Early intervention
150
____ receive occupational therapy in school systems, clinics, and hospitals
children
151
OT practitioners work with ___ in hospitals, day treatment centers, school systems, or rehabilitation centers
adolescents
152
OT practitioners working with ___ consider safety in the home & community. Wellness programs may be beneficial. Some clients with terminal illness may be served through hospice.
Older adults (later adulthood)
153
___ in the OTPF are: Motor skills; Process skills; Communication/interaction skills
Performance skills
154
___ in the OTPF are: Habits; Routines; Roles
Performance Patterns
155
____ in the OTPF are: Cultural; Physical; Social; Personal; Spiritual; Temporal; Virtual
Context(s)
156
___ in the OTPF are: Objects used and their properties; Space demands; Social demands; Sequencing and timing; Required actions; Required body functions; Required body structures.
Activity demands
157
____ in the OTPF are: Body functions; Body structures
Client factors
158
In order to ____ you need to: Learn the field (what's happening, terminology, leaders, products new/old/missing, current issues being debated); Create/develop yourself (talk to others, use the terminology, build your portfolio); Be prepared (confidence, presentation of self); Find opportunities (learn outside of the classroom); Practice
transition from student to practitioner
159
The ___ level of performance includes: Development of skill; Socialization in the expectations related to the organization, peer, and profession
Entry
160
The ___ level of performance includes: Increase independence; Mastery of basic role functions; Ability to respond to situation based on previous experiences
Intermediate
161
The ___ level of performance includes: Refinement of specialized skills; Understanding of complex issues affected role functions; Specialized roles (case manager, supervisor, consultant, and activity director).
Advanced
162
The ___ can deliver OT services
OTA
