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test 2 Flashcards

(83 cards)

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1
Q

_______ = cardiac muscle, blood vessels, and nerves

A

Myocardium

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2
Q

______ is an internal layer of simple squamous cells that provide a smooth continuous surface. Also lines blood vessels and we call it endothelium.

A

Endocardium

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3
Q

_____ is the visceral pericardium (outermost layer of the heart)

A

Epicardium

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4
Q

_____ is another name for your organs

A

visceral

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5
Q

_____ is the portion of the membrane that touches the heart

A

Visceral pericardium (Epicardium)

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6
Q

innermost layer of the heart is ____

A

endocardium

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7
Q

The ____ cavity is located just behind the sternum and slightly to the left

A

pericardial

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8
Q

____ short branching vessel

A

trunk

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9
Q

pulmonary trunk goes to ____ artery

A

pulmonary

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10
Q

____ branches of the left ventricle

A

aorta

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11
Q

superior vena cava and inferior vena cava come together at the ____, where blood will enter.

A

atrium

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12
Q

The blood flowing through the heart does not supply the heart with _____ & _____.

A

oxygen, nutrients

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13
Q

supplying the tissue is the job of the ______, these vessels supply your heart tissue with oxygen and nutrients.

A

coronary arteries

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14
Q

______ arteries extend off the aorta

A

coronary

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15
Q

You have a ___ & a ____ coronary artery

A

left, right

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16
Q

_______ artery is the dividing line between the left and right ventricle

A

Anterior interventricular

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17
Q

the _____cardiac vein becomes the coronary sinus

A

great

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18
Q

blood comes through the coronary sinus by the _____ vein and goes into the right atrium.

A

great cardiac

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19
Q

____ means entry way

A

atria

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20
Q

_____ muscles stick out from the heart wall

A

papillary

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21
Q

Blood flows through the lungs because we need to pick up _____

A

oxygen

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22
Q

Blood will return to the heart through vessels called ____

A

pulmonary veins

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23
Q

left side is called the ____ circuit because it’s pumping blood systemically and back

A

systemic

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24
Q

right side is ___

A

pulmonary

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25
____ requires a lot more pressure, which is why the left side of the heart is thicker
systemic
26
An ____ is any vessel that carries blood away from the heart
artery
27
A ____ is any vessel that carries blood towards the heart
vein
28
(1) Blood enters right atrium from superior and inferior _____
venae cava
29
(2) Blood in right atrium flows through right ____ valve into right ventricle
AV
30
(3) ____ of right ventricle forces pulmonary valve open
contraction
31
(4) Blood flows through ____ valve into pulmonary trunk
pulmonary
32
(5) Blood is distributed by right and left pulmonary arteries to the ____ where it unloads CO2 and loads 02
lungs
33
(6) Blood returns from lungs via ______ veins to left atrium
pulmonary
34
(7) Blood in left atrium flows through left ____ valve into left ventricle
AV
35
(8) ______ of left ventricle forces aortic valve open
contraction
36
(9) Blood flows through _____ valve into ascending aorta
aortic
37
(10) Blood in ___ is distributed to every organ in the body, where it unloads 02 and loads CO2
aorta
38
(11) Blood returns to heart via _____
venae cavae
39
The heart is autorhythmic and conduction begins with the _____ of the SA node
depolarization
40
____ potential travels from the SA node to the AV node
action
41
The SA node is referred to as the _____ of the heart
pacemaker
42
_____ means the depolarization of the atria in EKG
P wave
43
_____ means ventricular depolarization. Also atrial repolarization. (in EKG)
QRS complex
44
____ means repolarization of the ventricles in EKG
T wave
45
tricuspid valve is located on the ___ side
right
46
during systole ____ and _____ valves are open, the aorta and pulmonary valves are closed
tricuspid, bicuspid
47
during ventricle diastole, the ventricles are ___ with blood
filling
48
Atrial systole is _____ of the atria
contraction
49
Cardiac output= ____ x ____
heart rate, stroke volume
50
______ is the volume of blood per each contraction
stroke volume
51
Stroke volume is ____ - ____
EDV, ESV
52
End ____ volume is the amount of blood in each ventricle at the end of systole
Systolic
53
End ____ volume is the amount of blood in each ventricle at the end of diastole
diastolic
54
_____ increases resistence
turbulence
55
Increased viscosity = increase _____
resistance
56
In the capillary we exchange gases and nutrients for ____
waste products
57
Blood has ____ & _____ & ____
blood cells, protein, plasma
58
(1) liver makes a protein that it puts into circulation, known as ______, which is not active while circulating.
angiotensinogen
59
(2) When BP drops, the ____ detects it and releases renin, which produces angiotensin 1
kidneys
60
(3) The ____ convert angiotensin 1 using ACE which converts it to Angiotensin 2
lungs
61
(4) ____ contols salivatory glands and it causes vasoconstriction and it also causes the release of aldosterone from the adrenal glands
hypothalamus
62
(5) The ____ tell your kidney to conserve sodium, causing water to follow by osmosis, which will increase your volume, which therefore increasing your pressure
adrenal glands
63
___ is secreted to help increase blood pressure
ADH
64
____ is secreted to reduce blood pressure. It promotes the excretion of Na+ and therefore water in the kidney leading to a decrease in volume
ANP
65
______ is from the heart to the lungs and back
pulmonary circuit
66
______ is from your heart to your body and back
systemic circuit
67
The walls of ____ are thicker, contain more muscle, and more elastic CT
arteries
68
____ contain valves to present backflow, _____ do not
veins, arteries
69
The thick walls of ____ help maintain a more circular shape as opposed to a flat distorted shape like ____
arteries, veins
70
_____ are large veins
Venae Cavae
71
______ are the smallest branches of arteries
arterioles
72
______ are the smallest branches of veins
Venules
73
The layers of your blood vessels are called ____
Tunics
74
Tunica _____ is the innermost endothelial lining, & has some elastic CT
Intima
75
Tunica ____ is the middle layer that consists of sheets of smooth muscle, some collagen for strength, and more elastic CT
media
76
Tunica ____ is the outer layer, consists of more collagen and elastic CT. It binds vessels to adjacent tissues
externa
77
____ is when the pressure in the vessels exceeds the capacity of the elastic tissue, a bulge develops
aneurysm
78
______ is the joining of blood vessels
anastomosis
79
______ is the formation of new blood vessels
Angiogenesis
80
A single _____ produces dozen of capillaries
arteriole
81
Blood flow to each capillary is regulated by a smooth muscle sphincter called a ____ sphincter
precapillary
82
_____ sphincters contract and relax several times each minute regulating the flow of blood
precapillary
83
The cycle of contraction and relaxation that changes blood flow through the capillary is called ______
vasomotion

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