Test 2

Question 1

Rhetoric

Answer 1

all available means of persuasion

Question 2

Sophists

Answer 2

motivated “The Rhetoric”

Question 3

Kairos

Answer 3

• timing

- there is a right time to deliver a persuasive message

Question 4

Public

Answer 4

The commonality among people that is based on consumption of common tex

Question 5

Public Sphere

Answer 5

-a common place where ideas and information are exchanged

Question 6

Address

Answer 6

the relationship betwen the speaker & the audience

Question 7

Problematic Vagueness

Answer 7

a word/expression has an imprecise or unclear meaning

Question 8

Problematic Ambiguity

Answer 8

a word/expression has multiple meanings

Question 9

Syllogism

Answer 9

formal statement where two true premises equal a third.
-3 part deductive argument

Ex) All the people in this room are students (major premise)

• you are this room (minor)
• you are a student (conclusion)

Question 10

Enthymeme

Answer 10

-legitimate persuasive arguments that are missing premises
- shorted syllogism
-audience fills in the missing piece
-

Question 11

Ethos

Answer 11

recievers attitude toward source at a particular time

• AKA credibility
• in the mind of reciever
• changes over time

Question 12

Logos

Answer 12

-refers to proof/logic/argument/evidence

Question 13

Pathos

Answer 13

-refers to appealing to the audiences emotions

Question 14

“The Rhetoric”

Answer 14

3 parts: speaker, audience, speech itself

• Guided by 2 assumptions; 1)consider the audience
  2) use many proofs

Question 15

3 types of rhetoric

Answer 15

deliberative, forensic, epideictic

Question 16

Deliberative Rhetoric

Answer 16

• (originally) speaking in the legislature
• speakers must convince aud. to complete or not complete an action
• future behavior
• personal identification w/ aud,

Question 17

Forensic Rhetoric

Answer 17

(originally ) speaking in court

• relies on past behavior
• elicit feelings of guilt o innoncence

Question 18

Proofs of rhetoric

Answer 18

-ethos, logos, pathos

Question 19

5 Cannons of Rheotric

Answer 19

• invention
• arrangement
• style
• delivery
• memory

Question 20

Invention

Answer 20

• choose the best possible arguments for your case

- creativity

Question 21

Arrangement

Answer 21

-determine the most effective way to organize your arguments

Question 22

Style

Answer 22

-using certain language to present your aguments

Question 23

delivery

Answer 23

nonverbally presenting your arguments

Question 24

memory

Answer 24

delivering a speech w/o notes & recalling important information during a speech

Question 25

Audience Analysis

Answer 25

-our goal is to know enough about your audience to make your ideas clear & meaningful to them (demographics, situations, adaption)

Question 26

Argumentation

Answer 26

-the process of giving a reason in support of a claim | Argument = Reason + Claim

Question 27

Types of Ethos

Answer 27

- initial - derived - terminal

Question 28

Initial Ethos

Answer 28

-credibility assigned to a speaker prior to beginning a communication act

Question 29

Derived Ethos

Answer 29

-credibility assigned to a speaker during the act of communication

Question 30

Terminal Ethos

Answer 30

-credibility at the end of the communication act

Question 31

Large Immediate Effects

Answer 31

- ethos/ credibility influence many psychilogical, cognitive, effective, & comm outcomes.

Question 32

Small Longterm effects

Answer 32

- high ethos sources lose impact over time | - may need to remind later on

Question 33

5 power bases

Answer 33

- coercive (punishment) - reward (benefit) - legitimate (assigned role) - expert ( competence - referent (identification)

Question 34

Improve Credibility

Answer 34

- clarity - relevance - organization - immediacy - handling question well - facing the audience - fluent delivery

Question 35

Proposition of Fact

Answer 35

-whether something is true/false, exists/noexists, happend/nohappen

Question 36

Proposition of Value

Answer 36

whether somethin is favorable or not, moral or not, fair or not, better/worse

Question 37

Proposition of Policy

Answer 37

where someone should or not , door believe something

Question 38

Accurarcy

Answer 38

-words should refer to the meaning intended

Question 39

Clarity

Answer 39

-words should contribute to audiences understanding

Question 40

Propriety

Answer 40

language should be appropriate to the source, topic & audience

Question 41

Economy

Answer 41

-use only as many words as necessary to communicate an idea to the audience ( KISS)

Question 42

Vivacity

Answer 42

-audience interest depends on the language chosen Ex) ( metaphor, antithesis, rhyme, isocolon, anaphora)

Question 43

Monroes Motivated Sequence

Answer 43

- attention - need - satisfaction - visualization - action

Question 44

Types of Evidence

Answer 44

Examples, Statistics, Testimonials

Question 45

Functions of a Theory

Answer 45

- describe - explain - predict - control

Question 46

Questions to Consider when testing truthfulness

Answer 46

- Are the reasons provided true? - If the reasons are true, is the claim true? - Are there other explanations for the relationship between the claim and the reason? (bad)

Question 47

Common Fallacies

Answer 47

-deceptive arguments that appear logical and may seem persuasive, however w/ logical reasoning, they fall apart.

Question 48

Common Fallacies Examples

Answer 48

- appeals to ignorance - appeals to mob - appeals to emotion - ad hominem attack (attack person not ideas) - straw man fallacy ( attacking argument did not make) - playing with words - misuse of authority

Question 49

Fear Appeals

Answer 49

present a risk or vulnerability to risk

Question 50

EPPM

Answer 50

a theory that predicts responses to fear appeals.

Question 51

`How to use Guilty Appeals

Answer 51

- be subtle - use a familiar/likeable source - provide east/clear solution to alleviate guilt - anticipated guilt -how the audience can avoid guilt in the future

Question 52

Sleeper Effect

Answer 52

we remember & think about funny things _ long term

Question 53

Humor Appeals

Answer 53

- humor taps into happiness or joy - attention getter - can be a distraction - effects persuasion