Test #2

Question 1

Post hoc, ergo propter hoc

Answer 1

because x preceeded y, x caused y
isolates a single thing and relates it to one cause
ex. listen to this song, then won the gam. listening to this song causes wins

Question 2

cum hoc, ergo propter hoc

Answer 2

2 things happen at the same time, x causes y

ex. lucky shirt has broncos win

Question 3

Petitio principii

Answer 3

Including the conclusion of an argument in its premise

ex. if such actions were not illegal, then they would not be prohibited by law

Question 4

Argumentum ad consequentiam

Answer 4

a proposition is true because the consequences of believing are good
ex. Santa Clause

Question 5

Slippery Slope

Answer 5

Proposition A is bad bc A will eventually result in Z and Z is bad
ex. if… then… then… and finally…

Question 6

Syllogistic Argument

Answer 6

Major premise + minor premise = conclusion
deductive
jhawks are great. i am a jhawk. i am great.

Question 7

Enthymematic Argument

Answer 7

In the thymes
allow people to persuade themselves
syllogism with a surpressed premise
Kayla is a good roommate because she is clean

Question 8

Toulmin’s Model of Warranted Assent

Answer 8

data-warrant-claim
data: evidence
claim: conclusion
warrant: principle joins data and claim
Qualifier- conditional cases, scope
Rebuttal- except...
Backing- backs up warrant

Question 9

Stases

Answer 9

where an argument rests
fact
value
policy

Question 10

Topoi

Answer 10

Places of an argument
possibility/impossibility
probability/improbability
degree/magnitude
war and peace
legislation
desirability

Question 11

Visual Aids

Answer 11

Benefits- helps audience, keeps engaged, highlights points
Drawbacks- can draw attention away from the speaker, could be distracting, could overwhelm audience
Best Practices- limit slides and words, blank slides to hold attention, produce visual aids after producing speech, practice with it

Question 12

Counter Arguments

Answer 12

• consider opposition’s best argument
• direct contradiction is not always the best strategy
• assume charity principle
• shift stasis, consider topois
• look for alternative explanations

Question 13

Four-step refutation

Answer 13

Name- be specific
Explain- provide best argument
Support- give evidence
Conclude- link data to claim (warrant)

Question 14

Responding to questions

Answer 14

• write down the question
• repeat it back
• answer the question
• thank for question