test 2

Question 1

what temp is cryotherapy usually between

Answer 1

32F - 65F

Question 2

what is measure of the average amount kinetic energy possessed by an individual molecule of a body

Answer 2

temperature

Question 3

what temp is considered very cold

Answer 3

32-55F

Question 4

what temp is considered cold

Answer 4

55-65F

Question 5

what temp is considered cool

Answer 5

65-80F

Question 6

what temp is considered neutral

Answer 6

80-92F

Question 7

what temp is considered warm

Answer 7

92-98F

Question 8

what temp is considered hot

Answer 8

98-104F

Question 9

what temp is considered very hot

Answer 9

above 104

Question 10

what are the 4 ways to transfer energy

Answer 10

• conduction
• convection
• radiation
• evaporation

Question 11

what is Transfer of energy through direct contact

Answer 11

condution

Question 12

what is Transfer of energy when particles move across the body (whirlpools)

Answer 12

convection

Question 13

what is Transfer of energy between two objects without a medium (electromagnetic waves, diathermy)

Answer 13

radiation

Question 14

what is oss of heat through liquid-gas exchange (sweating)

Answer 14

evaporation

Question 15

what does the tissue’s conductivity dependent on

Answer 15

water content

Question 16

true or false

bone and fat have good water conductivity

Answer 16

false

Question 17

true or false

muscle and skin have high resistance

Answer 17

false

Question 18

true or false

bone and fat have high resistance

Answer 18

true

Question 19

what does penetration of cryotheray dependent on

Answer 19

•Local temperature gradient •Treatment surface area covered •Thickness and characteristics of tissue treated

Question 20

how deep is the superficial layer

Answer 20

1cm deep

Question 21

how deep is the tissue layer

Answer 21

2 cm deep

Question 22

why do ppl use cryotherapy

Answer 22

-control pain and reduce secondary tissue injury

Question 23

what effects does cryotherapy have on sensory receptor effects

Answer 23

Decreases sensory receptor conduction velocities
•A-delta and C fibers slow conduction velocities further decreased
•Augments pain modulation
•Faster A-alpha and A-beta also slowed to an extent

Question 24

true or false

cryotherapy Effect is primarily superficial and directly affects cutaneous blood vessels and cutaneous nerve receptors

Answer 24

true

Question 25

what are the hemodynamic effects

Answer 25

immediate response of vasoconstriction to arterioles and venules

Question 26

what temp does the skin need to be reduced to inorder for optimal decrease of blood flow and yield vasodilation

Answer 26

57F

Question 27

what temp does the skin need to be reduced to for analgesia

Answer 27

58F

Question 28

what is hunter's response

Answer 28

Histamine like release yields vasodilatation as a self defense response

Question 29

what are the metbolic effects of cryotherapy

Answer 29

Secondary ischemic injury –Hypoxia –Inadequate fuel substrates –Inadequate waste removal

Question 30

true or false | Decreased muscle spasm by decreasing muscle spindle activity

Answer 30

true

Question 31

true or false | Ia and II fibers run to dorsal horn of spinal cord and respond to stretch

Answer 31

true

Question 32

what are the four patient sensation during cold appliction

Answer 32

- cold - burning - aching - analgesia(numbness)

Question 33

what are the three types of compression

Answer 33

- circumferential - collateral (pressure on both side aka aircast) - focal (U-shaped horseshoe pad)

Question 34

what has the greatest effect at 90° perpendicular to the ground at 45° the effect of gravity is 71% comparatively

Answer 34

elevation

Question 35

what are the precautions of cold therapy

Answer 35

- superficial nerve - elevation of blood pressure (hypertensive patients only) - wound healing - psychological consideration

Question 36

what are the contraindication for cryotherapy

Answer 36

•Reynaud’s phenomena •Cold urticaria •Cold paroxysmal hemoglobinuria and cryoglobulinemia •Compromised circulation or sensation

Question 37

what is cold urticaria

Answer 37

- allergy to cold | - histamine response to cold stimuli

Question 38

what is paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria

Answer 38

* Rate of RBC breakdown exceeds hemoglobin binding with other proteins * Excess hemoglobin excreted in the urine * Yields darkened urine and back pain

Question 39

what is cryoglobulinemia

Answer 39

• Presence of abnormal proteins in the blood that become dark and thickened due to cold exposure