TEST 2

Question 1

Kallman’s

Answer 1

Interrupted secretion of GnRH, loss of sense of smell, hypergonadism, incomplete pubertal maturation, infertility

Question 2

hypergonadism

Answer 2

the condition of excessive secretion of hormones by the sex glands. Impotence in males, amenorrhea in females

Question 3

obesity

Answer 3

Diabetes, cardiovascular and liver disease, sexual function and semen quality

Question 4

Buttocks, hips fat

Answer 4

Greater E4:P4 ratio

Question 5

Breasts fat, small hips

Answer 5

Greater P4:E4 ratio

Question 6

anabolic steroids long term issue

Answer 6

Increased LDL levels
Acne/blood pressure/Aggressive behavior
Liver damage/Jaundice
Hypergonadism (decreased GnRH, FSH, LH secretion)
Abnormal sperms

In females:
Increased libido
Irregular lenses/amenorrhea
Hair loss
Breast atrophy
Clitoral hypertrophy

Question 7

pituitary gland

Answer 7

master endocrine gland, bridge between nervous system and endocrine system

Question 8

Hypothalamus

Answer 8

Pituitary gland connection
Releases GnRH > anterior pituitary makes LH or FSH
Releases prolactin releasing hormone > AP makes PROLACTIN, which stimulates milk production

Question 9

Prolactin

Answer 9

Peptide hormone released by anterior pituitary which promotes lactation.

Question 10

Progesterone

Answer 10

A hormone produced by the ovaries which acts with estrogen to bring about the menstral cycle.

Question 11

Estrogens (Conjugated)

Answer 11

Ductal tree

Question 12

End of pregnancy

Answer 12

Milk is produced (Galactogenesis)
Menses stopped (Amenorrhea)
Libido decreases
During pregnancy, e4 and p4 block PRL milk synthesis

Question 13

Oxytocin

Answer 13

Suckling stimulates nerves > hypothalamus > posterior pituitary releases oxytocin to let milk flow

Question 14

hCG

Answer 14

vaginal-pudendal nerves clitoral-pelvic nerves(cervical stimulation)

Question 15

Dopamine

Answer 15

Desire and pleasure. Before orgasm

Question 16

Oxytocin

Answer 16

Contentment, cuddle, right after orgasm.

Causes contractions of scrotum, prostate, anal. Pulse of OT associated with ejaculation. Contractions of vagina

Question 17

Prolactin

Answer 17

Sanitation, stress relief. Suppressed dopamine, linked to sleep

Question 18

compulsive sexual behaviour

Answer 18

Satyriasis in men, nymphomania in women

Question 19

Adrenarche

Answer 19

The maturation of the adrenal glands that takes place during adolescence.

Question 20

gonadarche

Answer 20

maturing of the sex glands

Question 21

semenarche

Answer 21

first ejaculation

Question 22

menarche

Answer 22

the first menstrual period. No ovulation, multiple ovules develop

Question 23

Puberty

Answer 23

capable of sexual reproduction > hypothalamic, pituitary, gonadal

Question 24

adolescence

Answer 24

Cognitive, emotional, social maturation > frontal lobe

Question 25

Extended ovulation

Answer 25

Primates can copulate outside of cycle

Question 26

estrous cycle

Answer 26

the female reproductive cycle of mammals other than primates

Question 27

Pheremones

Answer 27

chemical signals released by organisms when they are ready to breed

Question 28

3 menstrual phases:

Answer 28

1. Shedding phase: 3-5 days, shedding of endometrial lining, blood, lowest hormonal concentration 2. Proliferative phase: regeneration of endometrial epithelium, proliferation of blood vessels 3. Secretory phase: proliferation curbed, endometrium secretes fluid, blood supply increased.

Question 29

PMS (premenstrual syndrome)

Answer 29

indicates a mild distress near end of postovulatory (luteal) phase

Question 30

oligomenorrhea

Answer 30

scanty or infrequent menstrual flow

Question 31

menorrhagia

Answer 31

excessive menstrual bleeding

Question 32

amenorrhea

Answer 32

absence of menstruation Primary: no menses Secondary: calorie deficiency/too much exercise

Question 33

Shortage of e4 leads to

Answer 33

Thin endometrium

Question 34

Excess e4 leads to

Answer 34

Thickened endometrium

Question 35

Excess p4 leads to

Answer 35

Vascularized endometrium

Question 36

Estimating ovulation

Answer 36

Nasal body temp dips on day of ovulation then rises over 48 hr period LH peaks Trackable through urine

Question 37

Ferning pattern

Answer 37

Pattern found in vaginal mucous and saliva during ovulation.

Question 38

Highest percentage chance of conception occurs

Answer 38

72 hours before ovulation

Question 39

capacitation is

Answer 39

the penultimate step in maturation of the spermatozoa while in vagina

Question 40

vulvodynia

Answer 40

chronic vulvar discomfort with complaints of burning and superficial irritation

Question 41

Vaginismus

Answer 41

involuntary muscle spasms in the outer part of the vagina that make intercourse impossible

Question 42

cumulus oophorus

Answer 42

a mound of granulosa cells that covers the oocyte and secures it to the follicle wall

Question 43

Teratogens

Answer 43

Agents that damage the process of development, such as drugs and viruses

Question 44

effacement

Answer 44

thinning of the cervix in relation to labor

Question 45

preeclampsia

Answer 45

a complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, edema, and proteinuria

Question 46

eclampsia

Answer 46

a more serious form of preeclampsia, characterized by convulsions and sometimes coma