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Nursing II > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

(94 cards)

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1
Q

Hydration provides what?

A

perfusion of tissues with delivery of nutrients, removal of wastes, delivery of drugs

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2
Q

Need blood perfusion to the area of fluid delivery to allow what?

A

absorption of fluids

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3
Q

Are SQ fluids reliable in a dehydrated animal?

A

no

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4
Q

Dehydration causes peripheral what?

A

vasoconstriction

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5
Q

Fluids will migrate in SQ tissues to what?

A

ventral tissues

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6
Q

Check which area if fluids are administered over the shoulders?

A

brisket

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7
Q

Fluid accumulation here 8 hours after SQ fluids indicates what?

A

fluids not absorbed

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8
Q

What are some routes for fluid administration?

A

Oral, SQ, IV, IO, IP

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9
Q

Which route is best for fluid administration?

A

oral

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10
Q

Why is oral route best for fluid administration?

A

animal controls amount

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11
Q

What are some contraindications for oral administration of fluids?

A

vomiting, esophageal disease, aspiration pneumonitis, shock

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12
Q

What kind of fluids are given SQ?

A

only isotonic

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13
Q

A dehydrated animal will not have what?

A

blood flow to the area to remove the fluids and carry them to the general circulation

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14
Q

SQ edema ventral to injection site at 6-8 hours post SQ indicates what?

A

fluids not absorbed

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15
Q

What size needle do you use for SQ fluid administration?

A

16 to 22 gauge depending on size of animal

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16
Q

How much fluid do you administer SQ?

A

15ml/#

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17
Q

How much fluid is administered SQ to a cat?

A

10-20ml/kg/site

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18
Q

How much fluid is administered SQ to a large dog?

A

can tolerate >200ml/site

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19
Q

What is recommended to make SQ fluids better tolerated?

A

warming fluids

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20
Q

What should you monitor while giving SQ fluids?

A

skin tension and patients comfort tolerance

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21
Q

How many sites is best for SQ fluid administration?

A

one site

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22
Q

What happens when you use an increased number of sites/needles during SQ fluid administration?

A

introduction of bacteria SQ

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23
Q

Large amounts of fluid SQ will require what?

A

longer time to administer

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24
Q

What should you do to the SQ site before inserting the needle?

A

cleanse and rinse carefully

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25
What should you use attached to bag of fluids for SQ administration?
syringe/needle/butterfly catheter or administration tube
26
Following injection of fluids SQ, you should do what?
grasp injection site with thumb and forefinger for several seconds/ 1 minute
27
SQ fluid administration procedure is not complete until what?
one has verified that back-leakage of fluid from the SQ space onto the skin is not occuring
28
When do fluids absorb SQ?
6-8 hours
29
SQ is not recommended for what kind of patient?
hypovolemic patient
30
What is the exception for giving SQ fluids to a hypovolemic patient?
life or death when access to vein not possible
31
IV is used for fluid administration is for what?
mild to severe dehydration, hypotension, shock, vomit, where significant continuing losses occur
32
IV route for fluid administration requires what?
close monitoring, asepsis, special care of catheters
33
What kind of technique is used for intraperitoneal fluid administration?
aseptic
34
Which route of fluid administration is good in emergency?
intraosseous/intramedullary
35
Intraosseous/intramedullary is easier access than what?
collapsed vein
36
Where is the aseptic technique for fluid administration performed?
over trochanteric fossa, greater tubercle
37
What size needle is needed for the aseptic technique in neonates?
16g
38
What kind of needle is needed for the aseptic technique in animals <4 months?
spinal needle and stylet
39
What kind of needle is needed for the aseptic technique in animals >4 months?
bone marrow needle and stylet
40
For calculation of fluid volume to give we need to initially calculate the amounts for all routes except oral and then do what?
adjust according to response of animal to therapy
41
With SQ, IV, IP, IO routes for fluid delivery the animal has no control over what?
the input and cannot stop when appropriate
42
In a critical fluid situation be prepared to do what?
give whole blood volume per hour
43
What is the dosage for fluids for a critical dog?
40ml/#
44
What is the dosage for fluids for a critical cat?
20ml/#
45
For therapy fluids you should replace deficits created by what?
dehydration
46
What causes dehydration?
vomit, diarrhea, blood loss, fever, etc
47
For therapy fluids be sure to account for what?
continuing losses
48
What are some continuing losses?
vomit, diarrhea, hemorrhage, fever, etc
49
For fluid therapy be sure to include what in your calculation?
maintenance needs
50
For critical fluids you divide total blood volume into how many parts?
4 parts
51
What should you assess before giving fluids to a critical patient?
TP and PCV
52
PCV of less than what indicates need for transfusion
20%
53
What % of starting TP value indicates need for transfusion?
>50%
54
How much of the fluid volume should you give to a critical patient in 10 minutes, 20 min., 10 min., and 20 min?
1/4
55
Rapid weight changes are what?
water loss
56
What can alter skin tent results?
Cachexia and obesity
57
What is the equation to detect ml lost?
% x weight in lbs x 454 ml/lb
58
What do you use to estimate fluid therapy amount?
Hx and P.E.
59
For fluid therapy the calculated amount should be given over how long?
a 24 hour period
60
How do you calculate your fluid estimates?
add 80% of dehydration + maintenance + losses
61
Why do we add 80% of dehydration?
to avoid diuresis
62
What will diuresis do?
remove water from the body faster than we are replacing it
63
What should you do after giving your fluids over the 24 hour period?
re-evaluate and re-calculate
64
How do you calculate your estimate for vomit, diarrhea, urine?
double what you think you see
65
12x12 square tile holds about how much?
100ml
66
1.8 degree of fever requires how much of an increase in maintenance water?
10%
67
How do you calculate ongoing losses?
maintenance x 10% x amount of fever/1.8
68
Fluids should be delivered how long for a critical patient?
over a 1 hour period
69
What are the 3 types of fluid compartments in the body?
intravascular compartment, intracellular compartment, extracellular compartment
70
Where is the intravascular compartment located?
within the vessels
71
Where is the intracellular compartment located?
within the cells
72
Where is the extracellular compartment located?
in the tissues, outside the cells and vessels
73
fluid moves between compartments, depending on what?
osmolality
74
Water follows what?
particles
75
In disease we also see fluid building up in what cavities?
abdominal and thorax
76
What is the goal during a shock situation?
to give fluids to fill the intravascular space to support the cardiovascular system and organ function
77
What are the 3 basic types of fluids?
dextrose, crystalloid, and colloid
78
What is dextrose?
glucose
79
Glucose is rapidly metabolized to what?
CO2 + H2O
80
What is dextrose used for?
replace insensible losses
81
What are some insensible losses?
sweat, respiration, normal feces
82
What is dextrose used to correct?
hypernatremia
83
What can dextrose be?
an energy source
84
50% dextrose is a energy source not what?
fluid therapy
85
What is dextrose not god for?
maintenance or shock
86
Why is dextrose not good for maintenance or shock?
no particles present to hold water in vessels
87
Why is D5W not good SQ?
may cause electrolyte movement into tissues
88
What do electrolytes in the tissues cause?
fluid accumulation, decreased circulating blood volume, shock. Particles can abcess
89
0.9% NaCl is what kind of solution?
saline
90
.9% sodium chloride is what kind of solution?
saline
91
PSS is what kind of solution?
saline
92
SPS is what kind of solution?
saline
93
What are some balanced crystalloid solutions?
ringers and plasmalyte
94
0.9% NaCl is used for what?
to replace fluids in ECF

Nursing II (5 decks)

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