Test 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Common name for Artemisia abinthium
A
Wormwood
2
Q
Common name for Aesculus hippocastanum
A
Horse Chestnut
3
Q
Common name for Rauvolfia serpentina
A
Indian Snakeroot
4
Q
Common name for Digitalis spp.
A
Foxglove
5
Q
Common name for Passiforna incarnata
A
Passion flower
6
Q
Common name for Melissa offinalis
A
Lemon Balm
7
Q
Common name for Humulus lupulus
A
Hops
8
Q
Common name for Taraxacum offinalis
A
Dandelion
9
Q
Common name for Vaccinium murtillius
A
Bilbery
10
Q
Common name for Crateagus monogyne
A
Hawthorne
11
Q
Common name for Piper methysticum
A
Kava
12
Q
Common name for Citrus aurantium
A
Bitter orange
13
Q
Peppermint oil in combination with which other essential oil has been shown helpful for functional dyspepsia?
A
Caraway oil
14
Q
For what causes of nausea and vomiting is ginger most effective for treatment or prevention?
A
Sea sickness, morning sickness, and chemotherapy
15
Q
Combinations of valerian and which two herbs have been studied in different clinical studies reviewed in our text?
A
Hops and lemon balm
16
Q
Common name for Glycyrrhiza glabra
A
Licorice
17
Q
What partnof the plant is used in St. John’s Wort?
A
Leaf and flowers
18
Q
Clinical prep of 4:7?
A
St. John’s wort
19
Q
Climicl prep of 35:67:1?
A
Ginkgo Biloba
20
Q
Alcohol- water extract?
A
St. John’s wort
21
Q
Acetone- water extract?
A
Ginkgo biloba
22
Q
What are the 2 family constituents of Ginkgo biloba?
A
Flavonoids and terpene lactones
23
Q
What inhibits synaptic reuptake of inhibitors?
A
St. John’s wort
24
Q
Part of the plant used in Ginkgo?
A
leaf
25
Increases tolerance of brain hypoxia deficiency?
Ginkgo
26
Increases skin response to UV radiation?
St. John's wort
27
Upregulates 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors?
St. John's wort
28
The Placebo effect accounts for 50% of the effects of St. John's wort.
TRUE
29
Inhibits PAF
Ginkgo
30
Marked improvements of st. johns. wort can be expected within 1-2 weeks of use.
FALSE
31
Only SJW with moderate to high hyperforin content have been found effective in clinical trials.
FALSE
32
Digoxin is isolated from?
Foxglove
33
Active constituent of Hawthorne?
Flavonoids
34
Part of the plant used in kava?
Rhizome
35
Active constituent of horse chestnut?
Aescin
36
What is the correct description of the extraction method to produce WS 1442?
Water and alcohol extraction
37
Active constituent of turmeric?
Curcumin
38
Which component of licorice has mineralocorticoid-like action, and is removed in some formulations to prevent side effects of blood pressure elevation and potassium loss?
Glycyrrhizin
39
All but one of the following herbs is a source of digitaloids that are not recommended for phytotherapeutic use due to their pharmacokinetic and other shortcomings. Which one?
1. Lily-of-the-valley
2. Oleander
3. False hellbore
4. Foxglove
Foxglove
40
Upon which neurotransmitter does valerian appear to exert its pharmacological effects?
GABA
41
What is the active constituent of Valerian?
humulone and lupulone
sesquiterpenes
linalyl acetate and cineol
pyrones
Sesquiterpenes
42
```
What is the plant part primarily used in Passion flower?
flowers only, any gender
root
aerial parts, including fruits
stobiles (female flowers)
rhizome
```
Aerial parts
43
In the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, peppermint (Mentha × piperita) oil given in delayed-release (enteric-coated) formulations has more clinical evidence than conventional formulations, and may be less likely to cause side effects of nausea, heartburn, and abdominal discomfort.
True
44
How does hawthorne (Crataegus monogyna) extract differ pharmacologically from cardiac glycosides such as digitalis?
1. Hawthorne is positively inotropic yet proarrhythmic
2. Hawthorne is negatively inotropic yet proarrhythmic
3. Hawthorne is negatively inotropic yet antiarrhythmic
4. Hawthorne is positively inotropic yet antiarrhythmic
4
45
```
What is the plant part primarily used in Lavender?
flowers only, any gender
root
aerial parts, including fruits
stobiles (female flowers)
rhizome
```
Flowers
46
```
Inhibits age-related decline of choline and alpha-adrenergic receptors:
Hypericum perforatum (St John's-wort) or Gingko biloba
```
Ginkgo
47
T or F: Aqueous and ethanol extracts of valerian root are equivalent in the quality of their actions.
False
48
```
What is the plant part primarily used in Hops (Humulus lupulus)?
flowers only, any gender
root
aerial parts, including fruits
stobiles (female flowers)
rhizome
```
Stobiles
49
Which potential adverse reaction to kava (Piper methysticum) has led to a product recall in Europe and a public warning issued by the US FDA?
1. Liver damage
2. Carcinogenicity
3. Teratogenicity
4. Kidney damage
Liver damage
50
best herb for: Peptic ulcer
Licorice
51
T or F: Kuhlmann (1999) demonstrated that valerian extract had no adverse effects on the reaction time, alertness, or concentration
TRUE
52
T or F: Patients with sleep disturbances can expect to achieve improvement after only a few days of valerian use.
False
53
All of the following measures except one were affected in human studies of the effects of lavender. Which measure was not assessed?
1. Reductions in blood markers of the stress response
2. Decline in EEG potentials that correlate with vigilance and alertness
3. More relaxed and less depressed self-rated mood
4. Increased "happiness" based on autonomic nervous system responses
5. Self-rated sedation
1
54
What are the reported side effects of Kava (Piper methysticum)?
Breast growth in young boys
Dystonia
Headache, appetite changes, constipation
Interaction with drugs used for Parkinson's disease
B and D
55
What is the reported side effect of Lavender (oral use)?
Breast growth in young boys
Dystonia
Headache, appetite changes, constipation
Interaction with drugs used for Parkinson's disease
C
56
What is the reported side effect of Lavender (topical use)?
Breast growth in young boys
Dystonia
Headache, appetite changes, constipation
Interaction with drugs used for Parkinson's disease
A
57
```
Which plant part is used with the herb Horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum)?
seed
leaves and root
leaves and flowers
flower
```
Seed
58
T or F: A single dose of hawthorne (Crataegus monogyna) extract has discernible effects on subjective complaints related to cardiac insufficiency
FALSE
59
Indicate all of the pharmacological effects of hawthorne (Crataegus monogyna) extracts demonstrated in preclinical research in vitro or in animal models.
1. Increase in coronary blood flow
2. Increased amplitude of myocardial contractions
3. Cardioprotective effects during recovery from cardiac ischemia, indicated by reduced release of lactate dehydrogenase
4. Increase in cardiac stroke volume
5. All of the above
6. None of the above
ALL
60
A combination of hawthorne (Crataegus monogyna) extract and what essential oil was found effective for raising blood pressure in subjects with orthostatic hypotension?
Camphor oil
61
```
Which plant part is used with the herb Hawthorne (Crataegus monogyna)?
seed
leaves and root
leaves and flowers
flower
```
Leaves and flowers
62
Curcuma longa:
Turmeric
Dandelion
Licorice
Turmeric
63
```
best herb for: Irritable bowel syndrome
Licorice
Caraway
Peppermint oil (Mentha × piperita)
Artichoke
```
Peppermint oil
64
According to our text, what outcomes have been demonstrated in human studies of horse chestnut
(Aesculus hippocastanum) extract? Choose all answers that are correct.
1. Significantly reduced foot and ankle edema after a long distance airplane flight
2. Significantly reduced symptomatic complaints in patients with chronic venous insufficiency
3. Equivalence between horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) extract and compression stocking therapy for reducing edema in patients with chronic venous insufficiency
4. Significantly reduced leg volume in patients with chronic venous insufficiency
5. All of the above
all
65
What is the active constituent of Lavender?
humulone and lupulone
sesquiterpenes
linalyl acetate and cineol
pyrones
C
66
What is the active constituent of Hops (Humulus lupulus)?
humulone and lupulone
sesquiterpenes
linalyl acetate and cineol
pyrones
A
67
Human clinical studies of kava (Piper methysticum) have tested extracts with varying amounts of active constituents; what is the highest percentage content of actives tested?
1. 70%
2. 30%
3. 15%
4. 50%
A
68
What is the active constituent of Kava (Piper methysticum)?
humulone and lupulone
sesquiterpenes
linalyl acetate and cineol
pyrones
D
69
What does a cholagogue do in the digestive system?
relieve bloating and fullness
promote bile production and emptying of the gallbladder
stimulate gastric secretions
Promote bile production
70
Which of the following best describes the assumption regarding the anti-stress function of herbs such as the ginsengs?
1. Expands both the adaptation phase and the exhaustion phase of the stress response.
2. Delays or prevents both the adaptation phase and the exhaustion phase of the stress response.
4. Expands the adaptation phase while delaying or preventing the exhaustion phase of the stress response.
5. Expands the exhaustion phase while delaying or preventing the adaptation phase of the stress response.
3
71
Which subspecies of Valerian is recommended for use in valerian preparations?
1. indica
2. edulis
3. officinalis
4. japonica
3
72
Valerian products with a high content of which constituent should not be used due to potential toxicity?
1. Acetoxyvalerenic acid
2. Valerenic acid
3. Valepotriates
3
73
Part of plant used in Wormwood?
Aerial parts including flowers
74
Common name for Iberis amara.
Wild candytuft
75
Common name for Paullinia cupana
Guarana
76
List the herbs containing caffeine and related substances.
```
Coffee/tea
Guarana seeds
cola seeds
mate leaves
cocoa beans
```
