TEST 2 Flashcards
(34 cards)
What is bioenergetics? (Energy System)
Process of converting substrates into energy. Performed at cellular level. (ATP storage limited•Body must constantly synthesize new ATP•Three ATP synthesis pathways: ATP-PCr system (anaerobic metabolism)–Glycolytic system (anaerobic metabolism)–Oxidative system (aerobic metabolism))
What is a substrate?
Fuel sources from which we make energy (adenosine triphosphate [ATP])–Carbohydrate, fat, protein. Excess of given substrate = cells rely on that energy substrate more than others (affects metabolism)
What are the substrates we study in exercise physiology?
Carbohydrate, fat, protein–(Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen)
What is the caloric value for each of our substrates?
1,000 cal = 1 kcal = 1 Calorie (dietary)
Define metabolism.
Chemical reactions in the body. 3 ATP synthesis pathways: ATP-PCr system (anaerobic metabolism), Glycolytic system (anaerobic metabolism), Oxidative system (aerobic metabolism)
What is the only usable form of energy in the body?
Free Fatty Acids are used to make adenosine triphosphate
What is lipolysis?
The breakdown of fats and other lipids by hydrolysis to release fatty acids.
What is lipogenesis?
Protein converts FFA for energy storage for cellular energy substrate. Occurs in a well fed high carbohydrate diet. Starting molecule : Acetyl-CoA. Occurs: In the cytosol.
What form of fat is used in the body for energy production? How?
Fat/FFA is used in the body for energy
What forms of carbohydrate are utilized in the body?
Glucose
Define glycogenolysis
Breakdown of glycogen to glucose
Define glycogenesis
The conversion of glucose to glycogen when the glucose in the blood exceeds the demand
Define gluconeogenesis
Generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates.Occurs during fasting and flight and fight and in the liver and to a small extent in the kidney. Stimulated by glucagon, epinephrine and cortisol.
Why does Fig. 2.1 state protein has minimal contribution to metabolism?
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Tell me all about enzymes. What are they? How do we recognize them? What do they do?1
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Explain negative feedback
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What is ATP?
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What is phosphorylation?
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Name the three basic energy systems
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Define aerobic and state what energy system(s) are aerobic in nature
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Define anaerobic and state which energy system(s) are anaerobic in nature
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Describe the ATP-PCr systemENERGY YIELD? STRENGTH? WEAKNESS? RATE-LIMITING ENZYME? START PRODUCT(S)? END PRODUCT(S)? WHERE DOES IT OCCUR?
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Describe glycolysisENERGY YIELD? STRENGTH? WEAKNESS? RATE-LIMITING ENZYME? START PRODUCT(S)? END PRODUCT(S)? WHERE DOES IT OCCUR?
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Describe oxidative phosphorylationENERGY YIELD? STRENGTH? WEAKNESS? RATE-LIMITING ENZYME? START PRODUCT(S)? END PRODUCT(S)? WHERE DOES IT OCCUR?
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