TEST 2 Flashcards

(34 cards)

1
Q

What is bioenergetics? (Energy System)

A

Process of converting substrates into energy. Performed at cellular level. (ATP storage limited•Body must constantly synthesize new ATP•Three ATP synthesis pathways: ATP-PCr system (anaerobic metabolism)–Glycolytic system (anaerobic metabolism)–Oxidative system (aerobic metabolism))

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a substrate?

A

Fuel sources from which we make energy (adenosine triphosphate [ATP])–Carbohydrate, fat, protein. Excess of given substrate = cells rely on that energy substrate more than others (affects metabolism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the substrates we study in exercise physiology?

A

Carbohydrate, fat, protein–(Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the caloric value for each of our substrates?

A

1,000 cal = 1 kcal = 1 Calorie (dietary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define metabolism.

A

Chemical reactions in the body. 3 ATP synthesis pathways: ATP-PCr system (anaerobic metabolism), Glycolytic system (anaerobic metabolism), Oxidative system (aerobic metabolism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the only usable form of energy in the body?

A

Free Fatty Acids are used to make adenosine triphosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is lipolysis?

A

The breakdown of fats and other lipids by hydrolysis to release fatty acids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is lipogenesis?

A

Protein converts FFA for energy storage for cellular energy substrate. Occurs in a well fed high carbohydrate diet. Starting molecule : Acetyl-CoA. Occurs: In the cytosol.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What form of fat is used in the body for energy production? How?

A

Fat/FFA is used in the body for energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What forms of carbohydrate are utilized in the body?

A

Glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define glycogenolysis

A

Breakdown of glycogen to glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define glycogenesis

A

The conversion of glucose to glycogen when the glucose in the blood exceeds the demand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define gluconeogenesis

A

Generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates.Occurs during fasting and flight and fight and in the liver and to a small extent in the kidney. Stimulated by glucagon, epinephrine and cortisol.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why does Fig. 2.1 state protein has minimal contribution to metabolism?

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tell me all about enzymes. What are they? How do we recognize them? What do they do?1

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Explain negative feedback

17
Q

What is ATP?

18
Q

What is phosphorylation?

19
Q

Name the three basic energy systems

20
Q

Define aerobic and state what energy system(s) are aerobic in nature

21
Q

Define anaerobic and state which energy system(s) are anaerobic in nature

22
Q

Describe the ATP-PCr systemENERGY YIELD? STRENGTH? WEAKNESS? RATE-LIMITING ENZYME? START PRODUCT(S)? END PRODUCT(S)? WHERE DOES IT OCCUR?

23
Q

Describe glycolysisENERGY YIELD? STRENGTH? WEAKNESS? RATE-LIMITING ENZYME? START PRODUCT(S)? END PRODUCT(S)? WHERE DOES IT OCCUR?

24
Q

Describe oxidative phosphorylationENERGY YIELD? STRENGTH? WEAKNESS? RATE-LIMITING ENZYME? START PRODUCT(S)? END PRODUCT(S)? WHERE DOES IT OCCUR?

25
Describe the reactions PCr takes part in. Draw them like we did on the board.
1
26
Lactic acid. Good? Bad? What can we do with it?
1
27
Mitochondria – why are they so important? How do we (exercise professionals) tend to refer to them?
1
28
β-Oxidation – what is that?BET YOU DIDN’T KNOW I COULD ACTUALLY FIND AND USE GREEK LETTERS IN MICROSOFT OFFICE! YES, I AM THAT GOOD WITH GOOGLE.
1
29
Somehow we ended up talking about the liver a lot in exercise physiology? Why?
1
30
It takes money to make money. It also takes ATP to make ATP. Where did we have to invest ATP in our energy systems?
1
31
I mentioned you’ll hear some refer to glycolysis as aerobic or anaerobic despite the fact the process itself is only one of those things. Why do they do this?
1
32
NADH+H and FADH2 – Products? By-products? Important? Tell me all you know.
1
33
3 energy systems. Each in their own little world or smoothly operating together? Describe the relationships and interactions among the systems.
1
34
Direct/substrate level phosphorylation versus oxidative phosphorylationDIDN’T EMPHASIZE THIS ENOUGH IN LECTURE. MIGHT WANT TO MAKE SURE YOU’VE READ AND RE-READ YOUR BOOK.
1