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Neuropsychology > Test #2 > Flashcards

Test #2 Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

What is the output to the parietal lobe?

A

Dorsal Stream

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2
Q

What is the output to the inferior temporal lobe?

A

Ventral Stream

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3
Q

What is the output to the superior temporal sulcus (STS)?

A

STS Stream

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4
Q

What are the five categories of vision?

A 
Vision for Action
Action for Vision 
Visual Recognition 
Visual Spatial 
Visual Attention
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5
Q

Vision for Action

A

Parietal visual areas in the Dorsal Stream

  • Reaching
  • Ducking
  • Catching
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6
Q

Action for Vision

A

Visual Scanning

Eye Movements and Selective Attention

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7
Q

Visual Recognition

A

Temporal Lobes

Object Recognition

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8
Q

Visual Space

A

Parietal and Temporal Lobes

Spatial location

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9
Q

Visual Attention

A

Selective attention for specific visual input

Parietal lobes guide movements and temporal lobes help in object recognition

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10
Q

What is egocentric space?

A

Location of an object relative to person

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11
Q

What is allocentric space?

A

Location of an object relative to another

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12
Q

Apperceptive Agnosia

A

Deficit in the ability to develop a percept of the structure of an object or objects

Results from bilateral damage to the lateral parts of the occipital lobes

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13
Q

Associative Agnosia

A

Can perceive objects, but cannot identify them

Results from lesions to the anterior temporal lobes

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14
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

Cannot recognize faces

Can recognize facial features, facial expressions, and tell human from nonhuman faces

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15
Q

Alexia

A

Inability to read
Form of object agnosia - inability to construct perceptual wholes from parts or
Form of associative agnosia - word memory is damaged or inaccessible

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16
Q

What is the anterior border of the parietal lobe?

A

Central fissure

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17
Q

What is the ventral border of the parietal lobe?

A

Slyvan fissure

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18
Q

The parietal lobe is located dorsally to what?

A

cingulate gyrus

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19
Q

What is the posterior border of the parietal lobe?

A

Parieto-occipital sulcus

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20
Q

What is the Intraparietal sulcus (cIPS)?

A

Control of saccadic eye movements
Saccade - involuntary abrupt and rapid small movements made by the eyes when changing the fixation point
Visual control of grasping

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21
Q

What are the Parietal reach regions (PRR)?

A

Visually guided grasping movements

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22
Q

What is the Somatosensory Strip?

A

To area PE - Tactile recognition

To motor regions - sensory information about limb position and movement

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23
Q

What are the anterior zones?

A

process somatic sensations and perceptions
Bodily sensations: touch, pain, temp, vibration
Proprioception: position in the world, motion, and equilibrium

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24
Q

What are the posterior zones?

A

integrate information from vision with somatosensory information for movement

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25
What is the cognitive spatial map?
Route knowledge, unconscious knowledge of how to reach a destination
26
What are the other aspects of parietal function?
Three symptoms of parietal lobe damage do not fit with the visuomotor view of the parietal lobe Difficulties with arithmetic Difficulties with certain aspects of language Difficulties with movement sequences
27
What is acalculia?
inability to do arithmetic
28
What is afferent paresis?
Clumsy finger movements due to lack of feedback about finger position
29
What is the result of lesions to the post central gyrus?
Abnormally high sensory thresholds Impaired position sense Deficits in stereognosis, or tactile perception Afferent paresis
30
What is Astereognosis?
Inability to recognize an object by touch
31
What is Simultaneous Extinction?
Two stimuli are applied simultaneously to opposite sides of the body A failure to report a stimulus on one side is referred to as extinction
32
What is blind touch?
Cannot feel stimuli, but can report their location
33
Asymbolia for pain
Absence of normal reactions to pain
34
Finger Agnosia
Unable to point to the fingers or show them to the examiner
35
Apraxia
Movement disorder in which the loss of movement is not caused by weakness, inability to move, abnormal muscle tone, intellectual deterioration, poor comprehension, or other disorders of movement
36
Dyscalculia
Difficulties with arithmetic
37
Ideomotor Apraxia
Cannot copy serial movements | More likely to be associated with left parietal lesions
38
Constructional Apraxia
Cannot copy pictures, build puzzles, or copy a series of facial movements Associated with right and left parietal lesions
39
Symptoms of Posterior Parietal Lobe Damage
Deficits in drawing appear after damage to the right parietal lobe Spatial Attention Function of the parietal lobe to selectively attend to different stimuli Disengagement -Shifting attention from one stimulus to the next
40
Five distinct connections of temporal lobe
``` Polymodal Pathway Medial Temporal Projection Frontal Lobe Projection Hierarchical Sensory Pathway Dorsal Auditory Pathway ```
41
Hierarchical Sensory Pathway
Incoming Auditory and Visual Information | Stimulus Recognition
42
Dorsal Auditory Pathway
From Auditory cortex to Posterior Parietal | Detection of spatial location/movement
43
Polymodal Pathway
From Auditory and Visual Areas to the Polymodal Cortex | Stimulus Categorization
44
Medial Temporal Projection
From Auditory and Visual Areas to the medial temporal lobe, limbic cortex, hippocampal formation, and amygdala Long-term Memory
45
Frontal Lobe Projection
Auditory and Visual Cortex to the Frontal Lobe Movement Control Short-term Memory Affect
46
Left and Right temporal lobes Connected Via:
``` Corpus Callosum Anterior Commissure (bundles of fibers that connect corresponding points) ```
47
Cross-Modal Matching
Process of matching visual and auditory information | Depends on cortex of the superior temporal sulcus
48
What is the function of the hippocampus?
spatial memory
49
Biological Motion
Movements relevant to a species Allow us to guess others’ intentions Social Cognition or “theory of mind”
50
left temporal lobe function
Verbal memory | Speech processing
51
right temporal lobe function
Nonverbal memory Musical processing Facial processing
52
Anterograde Amnesia
Amnesia for events after bilateral removal of the medial temporal lobes
53
Autonoetic Awareness
Self knowledge Binding together the awareness of oneself as continuous through time Ability to mentally place ourselves in the past, future, hypothetical situations, and help us analyze our own thoughts
54
left frontal lobe function
Language | Encoding memories
55
right frontal lobe function
Nonverbal movements, facial expression | Retrieving memories
56
Corollary discharge or reafference
Internal neural signal that movement will occur | Frontal lobe damage disrupts corollary discharge
57
Convergent thinking:
Only one answer to the question
58
Divergent thinking:
Questions that ask for a variety of responses
59
Recency memory
Tests memory for the order in which things have occurred | Frontal lobe patients show impairment on this task
60
Orbitofrontal lesions cause
Reduce inhibitions and may introduce abnormal sexual behavior Leads to deficits in identifying facial expressions
61
Dorsolateral lesions cause
Reduce interest in sexual behavior

Neuropsychology (7 decks)

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