Test 2

Question 1

Is the pancreas composed mostly of endocrine or exocrine tissue?

Answer 1

both but mainly exocrine

Question 2

what does the exocrine tissue help in?

Answer 2

Digestion-it secretes pancreatic juice and breaks up fat, carbohydrates, and protein into smaller molecules

Question 3

What does the endocrine tissue help in?

Answer 3

• Hormones such as glucagon and insulin

- maintains sugar and salt balance

Question 4

what type of cells does exocrine make?

Answer 4

Acini

Question 5

What are the pancreatic juices composed of?

Answer 5

• amylase
• lipase
• trypsin
• chymotrypsin
• carboxypepidase
• nucleases
• sodium bicarbonate

Question 6

how much does acini cells function in the exocrine tissue?

Answer 6

80%

Question 7

what does lipase digest?

Answer 7

Fats

Question 8

What does Amylase digest?

Answer 8

carbohydrates

Question 9

What does trypsin, chymotrypsinogen, and carboxypeptidase digest?

Answer 9

Proteins

Question 10

What does nucleases digest?

Answer 10

Nucleic acids

Question 11

What does sodium bicarbonate digest?

Answer 11

Neutralize hydrochloric acid

Question 12

what is hormone release stimulated by?

Answer 12

partially digested food

Question 13

Hormones cause the production of________

Answer 13

pancreatic juices

Question 14

what are the 2 ducts of the pancreas?

Answer 14

Duct of Wirsung (Main panc duct)

Duct of Santorini

Question 15

What happens in the duct of Wirsung?

Answer 15

Pancreatic juice collects then moves into the duodenum through the ampulla of Vater

Question 16

What does the sphincter of Oddi do?

Answer 16

relaxes to allow the passage of juices

Question 17

what type of cells does the Langerhans consist of?

Answer 17

alpha, beta, and delta cells

Question 18

Where do hormones secrete?

Answer 18

Into the blood stream

Question 19

what is the action of Insulin?

Answer 19

Glucose to glycogen

Question 20

What is the action of Glucagon?

Answer 20

Glycogen to glucose

Question 21

What is the action of Somatostatin?

Answer 21

Alpha and Beta inhibitor (inhibit insulin and glucagon production)

Question 22

Where does the pancreaticduodenal artery supply?

Answer 22

Supplies the head and part of the duodenum

Question 23

Where does the branches of the splenic artery supply?

Answer 23

Supplies body and tail and later enters the spleen

Question 24

Which vessel is tortuous?

Answer 24

splenic artery

Question 25

Where does the pancreas lay?

Answer 25

in the retroperitoneum in the epigastric region

Question 26

What is the uncinate considered a part of?

Answer 26

the neck

Question 27

the head is more _____ to the body and tail

Answer 27

inferior

Question 28

the neck and body is more _________ than head and tail

Answer 28

superficial

Question 29

the tail is more _______ direction towards the spleen

Answer 29

superior

Question 30

what is the echogenicity of the pancreas?

Answer 30

isoechoic or hyperechoic to the liver

Question 31

True or false. Pancreas never changes with age?

Answer 31

False, the pancreas increases in echogenicity with age.

Question 32

how does the uncinate appear to the rest of the pancreas?

Answer 32

hypoechoic

Question 33

what is the echotexture of the pancreas?

Answer 33

homogenous

Question 34

true or false, the size of the pancreas is comparable between sexes?

Answer 34

true

Question 35

true or false, the pancreas increases in size with age?

Answer 35

false, the pancreas decreases in size with age

Question 36

what is the largest and smallest part of the pancreas?

Answer 36

largest-head | smallest-neck (and the body and tail)

Question 37

what is the contour of the pancreas?

Answer 37

usually smooth, sometimes lobulated

Question 38

what are the landmarks that will help you visualize the pancreas?

Answer 38

Gastroduodenal Artery (GDA) Common Bile Duct (CBD) IVC

Question 39

Where does the GDA lie?

Answer 39

Anterior lateral aspect of the pancreas head

Question 40

Where does the CBD lie?

Answer 40

posterior lateral aspect of the head

Question 41

what are the landmarks for the neck and uncinate process?

Answer 41

anterior to the SMV and portosplenic confluence

Question 42

what are the landmarks for the pancreas body?

Answer 42

SMA Splenic vein SMV Body is medial anterior to Portosplenic confluence

Question 43

What are the landmarks for the pancreas tail?

Answer 43

Splenic vein lies posterior to the tail Splenic artery is tortuous and travels adjacent to the splenic vein ( seen in cross section)

Question 44

what does the Duct of Wirsung merge with?

Answer 44

merges with CBD before entering the duodenum at the major papilla or ampula of Vater

Question 45

What ducts can be seen on ultrasound?

Answer 45

Duct of Wirsung (main pancreatic duct) Duct of Santorini (accessory duct)

Question 46

what is the size of the main pancreatic duct?

Answer 46

3mm or less

Question 47

what are the windows used when scanning the pancreas?

Answer 47

- Supine - Right anterior oblique and left lateral decubitus - left coronal

Question 48

what are some helpful imaging techniques for pancreas?

Answer 48

- try different window - push belly out - breath in

Question 49

what are the 2 buds that formed the pancreas?

Answer 49

dorsal(cranial) | Ventral (caudal)

Question 50

How did the two pancreatic ducts form?

Answer 50

arise from opposite sides foregut and midgut

Question 51

When do the two pancreatic ducts form?

Answer 51

6 to 8 weeks

Question 52

what part of the pancreas forms in each bud?

Answer 52

Dorsal-body and tail of pancreas | Ventral- Head and uncinate process

Question 53

What is the annular pancreas?

Answer 53

A ring of pancreatic tissue that encircles the duodenum

Question 54

what is agenesis?

Answer 54

absence of the body and tail (head is usually larger)

Question 55

What is the pancreatic divisum?

Answer 55

most common | Lack of fusion of the dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds

Question 56

What can normally happen with the pancreas head?

Answer 56

pseudomasses (false masses) not real but can fool you when scanning