Test 2 Flashcards
Neoliberalism
- redefines citizens as consumers
- sees competition as a defining characteristic (limiting competition is limiting freedom)
- market can self-regulate
- tax and regulation minimized, cutting of social services
- privitization
- Monbiot says market ensures everyone gets what they deserve
Marvin Harris and cultural materialism
cultural materialism- there is practical reason behind what people do but westerners cant see it
Clifford Geertz
- Thick and thin descriptions
(Thick: describing what the action represents, Thin: simply describing the action) - Balinese cockfight and winking examples
-Interpretive Anthropology
Interpretive School of Anthropology
- Clifford Geertz, Mary Douglas, Victor Turner
- Focus on Symbols
- meanings are stored in symbols
- semiotic, Hermeneutic Approach
Who wrote the book Orientalism?
Edward Said
Literary scholar of Palestinian descent
“Orientalism”
Representation of the east by the west in demeaning ways
Hegemony
Domination through consent by one class where beliefs, explanations, perceptions and values become a norm
what did Emily Martin argue biology textbooks were guilty of doing?
she argues that gender stereotypes were being imposed on sperm and eggs by the language used
- egg as passive
- sperm as active
but in reality the sperm and egg fusion is mutual
modernization theory
A.W.W Rostow
- proposed that societies go through various stages on the way to modernity
1) Traditional 2) transitional 3)Preconditions for take-off (technology) 4) drive to maturity 5) stage of high mass consumption - assumes that all western countries have reached stage 5
Andre Gunder Frank
- proposed the satellite and metropolis model instead
- Dependency theory: the metropolis exploits the satellite regions (i.e. favelas outside of Latin American cities)
Core and Periphery
Immanuel Wallerstein
Core: local specialization, high tech, trade
Periphery: supply of raw materials and margin
Marxist thinking in anthropology
Eric Wolf- Europe and the People without History
Sidney Mintz- Sweetness and Power
3 forms of capital according to Pierre Bourdieu
1) economic- money, property
2) social- personal connections
3) cultural- academic credentials, individual preferences and taste
Stratification
Gerhard Lenski
- social inequality increases in industrialized nations
- social stratification is more complex
- social stratification=a system by which a society ranks
categories of people in a hierarchy. Categorization into
socioeconomic strata that reflects a relative social position of individuals within a social group
9 classes
Paul Fussell
1. top out of sight—>money comes completely from inheritance, removed from scrutiny
2. upper—->inherits money, but earns quite a lot as well; does some work
3. upper middle—>has earned most of it in law, medicine, oil, shipping, real estate, or even the more honorific kinds of trade
4. middle—->earnestness and psychic insecurity (middle class anxiety); status panic; borrows from higher elements; desire to belong
5. high proletarian—>bondage to monetary policy, rip-off
advertising, crazes and delusions, mass low culture, fast
foods, consumer schlock
6. mid-proletarian—>more supervision at work—points out that class system may be more a recognition of the value of freedom than a proclamation of the value of sheer cash
7. low proletarian—-> gross uncertainty of unemployment;
includes illegal aliens like Mexican fruit pickers
8. destitute
9. bottom out of sight—>people in jail
