TEST #2

Question 1

This metamorphic rock is composed of alternating bands of light and dark silicate minerals.

Answer 1

Gneiss

Question 2

A Metamorphic Facies is typically defined based on:

Answer 2

Two or more metamorphic minerals that occur together over a range of pressures and temperatures

Question 3

Which of the following is the parent rock of quartzite?

Answer 3

Sandstone

Question 4

Minerals that are good indictors of metamorphic environments are called:

Answer 4

Index minerals

Question 5

Which low-grade metamorphic rock displays thin, parallel layers and contains very fine grains of mica?

Answer 5

Slate

Question 6

______ is the process by which a rock changes form or mineral content as a result of environmental changes such as heat and pressure.

Answer 6

Metamorphism

Question 7

Contact metamorphism is caused by ____, whereas regional metamorphism involves _______.

Answer 7

The heat of a nearby intrusion; both heat and stress

Question 8

_____ is a widespread type of metamorphism typically associated with mountain building.

Answer 8

Regional metamorphism

Question 9

Which of the following lists is in correct order going from lower to higher grade metamorphism?

Answer 9

Slate, phyllite, mica, schist

Question 10

What is the definition of a parent rock (also known as a protolith)?

Answer 10

The rock that was altered by metamorphism

Question 11

Which of the following is an essential characteristic of an index fossil?

Answer 11

The organism only lived for a short period of geologic time

Question 12

Which scientist is credited with developing the law of superposition?

Answer 12

Nicholas Steno

Question 13

The first 3 periods of the Paleozoic era are (in order from oldest to youngest) are:

Answer 13

Cambrian, Ordovician, and Silurian

Question 14

What is the nature of the unconformity between sediments J and N as shown in the diagram?

Answer 14

Disconformity

Question 15

About 85% of geologic time is represented by the time span called the:

Answer 15

Precambrian

Question 16

A layer of sandstone is in contact with a mass of granite. The granite contains small pieces of the sandstone. What rock is older?

Answer 16

Sandstone

Question 17

Radiometric dating is least useful for dating _____ rocks.

Answer 17

Sedimentary

Question 18

You are trying to determine the age of a lava flow using an isotope with a half-life of 1.5 million years. If the sample has gone through four half-lives, what is the age of the rock?

Answer 18

6 million years

Question 19

A neutron is a combination of a(n) ____ and a(n) _____.

Answer 19

electron, proton

Question 20

The half-life of carbon-14 about 6000 years. Assume that a sample of charcoal formed by burning of living wood 15000 years ago. How much of the original carbon-14 would remain today?

Answer 20

Between one-fourth and one-eighth

Question 21

How does tensional force charge a rock body?

Answer 21

Stretch and thin the rock

Question 22

Faults form in _____ temperature- _____ pressure environments.

Answer 22

low; low

Question 23

Which tectonic boundary is associated with compressional stress?

Answer 23

Convergent

Question 24

Linear upfolded structures with the oldest strata in the center are termed:

Answer 24

Anticlines

Question 25

Faults having primarily horizontal movement are called:

Answer 25

Strike-slip faults

Question 26

Tensional forces normally cause which of the following?

Answer 26

Normal faults

Question 27

A low angle reverse fault is termed:

Answer 27

Thrust fault

Question 28

Anticlines and synclines are generally:

Answer 28

Products of compressional stress

Question 29

Which of the following combinations should favor folding rather than faulting?

Answer 29

High temperature and high confining pressure

Question 30

What is the outcrop pattern of a plunging syncline?

Answer 30

The layers will open up in the direction of plunge

Question 31

Which of the following is used to describe what occurs to produce an earthquake?

Answer 31

Elastic rebound

Question 32

A point on the Earth's surface which lies vertically above the point of origin of an earthquake is termed the

Answer 32

Epicenter

Question 33

Earthquake A is classified as a 3 on the Richter scale. Earthquake B is classified as a 6. Approximately how many times energy has Earthquake B released than Earthquake A?

Answer 33

33000 times

Question 34

Primary waves are typically best seen (most easily recorded) on which of the following seismograph records:

Answer 34

Vertical

Question 35

The type of seismic wave propagates through intervening material by compressing and dilating the rocks in the direction the wave is traveling.

Answer 35

P waves

Question 36

The type of seismic waves travels the most rapidly.

Answer 36

P waves

Question 37

The asthenosphere is a part of the:

Answer 37

Mantle

Question 38

The dense core of the earth is thought to consist predominantly of:

Answer 38

Iron

Question 39

What will happen to a seismic wave when it is refracted?

Answer 39

The wave will be bent when passing into a material of differing density

Question 40

Which one of the following is the thinnest layer of the earth?

Answer 40

Crust

Question 41

Wegner dubbed the Permian supercontinent:

Answer 41

Pangea

Question 42

Mountains formed by the collision between continents are the:

Answer 42

Himalayas

Question 43

The African Rift valleys are associated with a:

Answer 43

Divergent boundary

Question 44

In the plate tectonics model, the earth's outer shell consists of about _______ individual plates.

Answer 44

20

Question 45

Which of the following is associated with an active continental margin?

Answer 45

Convergent boundaries

Question 46

Charles Darwin was first time explain how reef-building organism which require shallow, sunlight water could create reef complexes that extend for thousands of meters below sea level. Darwin hypothesized that:

Answer 46

As volcanic islands with fringing coral reefs began to sink, these organisms kept pace by building the reef complex upward

Question 47

What rock would you expect to find associated with a mid-ocean ridge?

Answer 47

Basalt

Question 48

Island arcs are associated with:

Answer 48

Convergent (oceanic-oceanic) boundaries

Question 49

The collision of North America and Europe/Asia during the Paleozoic era resulting in the formation of the

Answer 49

Appalachians

Question 50

A sample of basalt in which the magnetic field is oriented horizontally probably cooled:

Answer 50

Near the equator

Question 51

What tool is often used to measure the topography of the sea floor today?

Answer 51

Sonar

Question 52

The formation of the Hawaiian Islands is associated with:

Answer 52

No plate boundary of any kind

Question 53

If the earth's magnetic field did not occasionally reverse polarity:

Answer 53

The sea floor would not contain (produce) magnetic stripes.

Question 54

The Andes mountains were generated at a:

Answer 54

Convergent (oceanic-continental) boundary

Question 55

What are the two types of continental margins?

Answer 55

Passive and active