Test 2 - Cell Architecture L2 Flashcards
Jaka jest diameter of skeletal muscle cell, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle
up to 100 microns, Diameter 5 microns, 10 - 20 microns
Z czego złożona jest triada
Triads present of 2 terminal cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum + 1 T-tubule
Jak połączone są komórki?
SkM
No cell-cell contact, but cells are mechanically connected by associated connective tissue.
SM
electrically coupled to one another via gap junctions. Compared to skeletal muscle, smooth muscle tissue contains little connective tissue. Connected via gap junctions to adjacent cells (provide electrical connectivity).
CM
Connected via gap junctions to adjacent cells (provide electrical connectivity).
czym jest sarkomere
A sarcomere is that between 2 Z-lines.
smooth muscle: Groups of cells form…..
bundles, sheets or bands.
gdzie T-tubule system jest zauważalny?
Cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle
cardiac muscle triads -
no or poorly defined triads
Sarcoplasmic reticulum u różnych rodzajów mięśni:
SkM
Sarcoplasmic reticulum is well developed with terminal cisternae.
SM
Sarcoplasmic reticulum is poorly developed, but cells possess plasmalemmal structures called caveolae.
CM
Sarcoplasmic reticulum lacks terminal cisternae.
Uszereguj od min do max pod względem ilości mitochondriów
smooth, skeletal, cardiac
Kto ma ile nucleus
SM-1 centrally located, CM- 1, occasionally 2, centrally located, SkM- many peripherally located
Opisz Contractile proteins w SkM i CM
SkM
Contractile proteins are arranged in bundles called myofibrils, the contractile unit of which is the sarcomere. Myofibrils are made up of myofilaments: thin filaments – actin, and thick filaments – myosin
CM
Contractile proteins are similar to those in skeletal muscle but arranged in a branching myofibrillar network throughout the cytoplasm, the contractile unit of which is the sarcomere.
Dlaczego skeletal muscle looks striated?
Looks striated because its contractile proteins are highly organised into an almost crystalline array that refracts light (clearly visible at LM level).
Actin filaments are anchored at one end to …
Z- lines
Cardiac muscle cells can be branched and are mechanically and electrically coupled to one another via specialized junctions called ….
intercalated discs, that are made of desmosomes and gap junctions.
wymień types of blood vessels
Large elastic arteries and large muscular arteries
Arterioles - major contributors to peripheral resistance, and therefore blood pressure
Capillaries, small venules - exchange nutrients, gases and metabolites
Veins
Opisz Continuous type of capillary
The most common type. Adjacent endothelial cells are connected to each other via junctional complexes. This type is the most impermeable.
Opisz Fenestrated type of capillary
The endothelial cells have small pores (fenestrae). Adjacent cells are connected via junctional complexes. Quite/very permeable (typically found in kidney in Bowman’s capsules, and in g.i. tract in villi of small intestine).
Wymień three layers
• Tunica intima
Inner - endothelial cells and connective tissue
• Tunica media
Middle layer - smooth muscle and connective tissue
• Tunica adventitia
Outer layer -connective tissue.
Opisz three layers of Large elastic arteries
Eg Aorta
Intima: endothelial cells, thin layer of connective tissue (collagen and few elastic fibres)
Media: thick spiral of smooth muscle interleaved with sheets of elastic fibres (+collagen fibres)
Adventitia: thick connective tissue (collagen), vasa vasorum, nerves
Opisz three layers of Large muscular arteries
Most systemic arteries
Intima: endothelial cells, prominent layer of ct = inner elastic lamina (IEL) (elastic fibres + some collagen fibres)
Media: thick spiral of smooth muscle, limited ct (collagen + few elastic fibres)
Adventitia: thick ct, external elastic lamina (EEL, elastic fibres) + collagen, bvs, nerves.
Opisz three layers of Arterioles
Intima: endothelial cells, IEL absent from small arterioles
Media: smooth muscle (approx. 3 to 6 cells thick)
Adventitia: merges with surrounding connective tissue. No EEL.
Opisz three layers of capillaries
Endothelial cells. No media and no adventitia.
Opisz three layers of Venules and veins
Intima: endothelial cells, no IEL
Media: smooth muscle (venules 1 - 2, veins 2+ cells thick)
Adventitia: absent or indistinct, merging with surrounding connective tissue
Veins > 2 mm diameter contain valves: two leaflets of connective tissues (collagen fibres) covered with endothelial cells.
Trzy zwoje nerwowe w sercu które mamy znać od góry do dołu
sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, purkinje fibres!!!
