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Human Physiology PB > Test 2 Chapter 10 Peripheral Vasculature > Flashcards

Test 2 Chapter 10 Peripheral Vasculature Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Chapter 10 …You’re Almost there!!

A

Vasculature

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2
Q

Function of blood vessels?

A

Responsible for moving blood throughout the body

Specific functions for different locations

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3
Q

What are the 3 layers (tunica) of blood vessels?

A

Adventitia

Media

Endothelial

(Intima)

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4
Q

What are the Blood Vessel Types?

A

Artery

Arterioles

Metarterioles

Capillary

Venules

Vein

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5
Q

External Layer?

A

External or Adventitia

Made of connective tissue

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6
Q

Middle Layer?

A

Media

Smooth muscle layer

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7
Q

Inner Most layer?

A

Endothelial Layer

made of Epithelial Tissue

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8
Q

What is the Intima

A

Endothelium and basement membrane

Where atherosclerosis (fatty deposits) occurs underneath blood vessel lining

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9
Q

What is an artery?

Characterized by?

A

Blood vessel leaving the heart

Smooth muscle-large media layer

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10
Q

Describe Arterioles

A

Small Artery

Less than 1/2 mm in diameter

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11
Q

Metarteriole

Contains what?

A

Branches off of the arteriole
Isolated sections of smooth muscle (Precapillary sphincters)

Pre-Capillary sphincters allow blood flow through capillary bed

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12
Q

Capillary

A

Layer of endothelium (intima) in basement membrane

1 endothelial cell thick

Exchange occurs here (short distance)

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13
Q

Venules

A

Small veins with limited or no smooth muscles

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14
Q

Vein

A

Less smooth muscle than arteries

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15
Q

Do capillaries contain smooth muscle?

A

NOPE

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16
Q

What are the 4 Physical Properties that define function?

A
  1. Ohm’s Law
  2. Poiseuille’s Law
  3. Capacitance (distensibility)
  4. Mean Arterial Pressure
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17
Q

Ohm’s law

A

PRESSURE=FLOW x RESISTANCE

How blood flows through blood vessel

(V=IR)

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18
Q

Mean Arterial Pressure

A

Average pressure in an artery & equal to flow through the arteries

Flow=Cardiac output X total peripheral resistance

F=CO x TPR or

BP=HR x SV x TPR

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19
Q

Poiseuille’s Law

A

Calculating resistance nL8/(pi)x r^4

manipulating resistance ->effects pressure

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20
Q

According to Poiseuille’s Law, what happens to pressure with change in resistance?

A

Increase resistance=increase pressure

Decrease resistance=decrease pressure

Small change in radius produces a profound change in resistance and blood flow

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21
Q

Capacitance/Distensibility

A

C= Change in volume/change in pressure

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22
Q

Compare veins and arteries in terms of capacitance and distensibility

A

Capacitance-ability of a vessel to accept volumes easily

Change in volume/change in pressure

Veins= high capacitance. Can easily distend and accept large volumes w. Little change in pressure

Artery=low capacitance. As volume increases pressure increases

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23
Q

Calculate Mean Arterial Pressure

A

MAP= Diastolic Pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure

So

80 + (1/3)40=93mmHg

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24
Q

Functional properties of Arteries?

A

Arteries are pressure reservoirs.

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25
What sustains the pressure the heart creates?
Arteries
26
Doppler Sounds in an artery 1st surge 2nd surge
1st surge=heart beating 2nd surge due to artery recoiling
27
Dichroitic Notch
Located in the arterial pulse wave Point when semilunar valves close The little blip=arterioles recoiling=2nd surge of blood
28
Systolic Blood Pressure
Created by contraction of the heart
29
Diastole
Heart relaxes BP gradually comes down (low point) pressure in the artery drops down to low point
30
Systolic blood pressure/diastolic pressure what is the typical blood pressure?
120/80
31
Pulse Pressure?
Difference between systolic blood pressure and diastolic pressure The driving pulse
32
What is typical mean arterial pressure?
93mmHg
33
Function of Arterioles? What kind of control do arterioles have?
Resistance vessels Vasomotor control
34
What are the 2 types of vasomotor control that controls arteriole resistance?
Vasodilation Vasoconstriction
35
Estimating MAP
Diastolic blood pressure + [1/3xpulse pressure]
36
Vasodilation of arterioles in terms of resistance and blood flow
Decreased resistance =increased local blood flow
37
Vasoconstriction
Increased resistance and decreased local blood flow
38
What are the small arteries that vasodilation and vasoconstrict?
Arterioles=resistance vessels
39
5 mechanisms that control vasomotor tone in ARTERIOLES?
Effecting unitary smooth muscle cells ``` Myogenic Autonomic Nervous System Hormones Paracrines Autoregulation ```
40
1. MYOGENIC Unitary smooth muscles around arterioles are...
Can stimulate themselves because they are myogenic
41
2. Autonomic Nervous System
-involuntary control but have SYMPATHETIC CONTROL-1 side Norepinephrine->smooth muscle surrounding arterioles->produces stronger contraction-> VASOCONSTRICTION->resistance increases->blood flow decreases
42
To vasodilate arterioles what needs to happen?
Decrease sympathetic control
43
3. Hormones that cause vasocconstriction
Epineprhine Norepinephrine Angiotensin Vasopressin
44
5. Autoregulation of arterioles
Local control based on local metabolites which cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation
45
4. Paracrines Vasodilators Vasoconstriction
Local in its effect-does not enter blood stream - Vasodilators: Nitric oxide (endothelium) - Histamine (immune response) Vasoconstriction-Endothelin-produced in endothelium
46
Major causes of vasodilation via AUTOREGULATION
Decreased Oxygen and pH Increased CO2, Temp, ADP, Potassium
47
Major causes of Vasoconstriction via AUTOREGULATION
Increased: Oxygen and pH Decreased CO2, TEMP, ADP, Potassium
48
What are the Metarterioles Function: Similar to ____ except for_____
Resistance vessels Similar to arterioles except not controlled by AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM. Controlled by MYOGENIC PROPERTIES, HORMONES, PARACRINES & Autoregulation
49
Capillaries Function Description
Function: exchange vessel Small, thin, 1 cell layer thick->ideal simple diffusion conditions
50
What are the key factors in diffusion?
Large surface area Short distances High concentration gradients **slow velocity**
51
What exchange mechanisms do capillaries do capillaries participate in?
1. Diffusion | 2. Bulk Flow
52
What is Bulk Flow in the Capillaries
-fluid leaks out and is reabsorbed into the capillaries via OSMOSIS Consists of ultrafiltration & reabsorption
53
What are the 4 forces facilitating bulk flow in the capillaries?
1. Capillary pressure 2. Plasma colloid osmotic pressure 3. Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure 4. Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
54
What are the inward pressures pushing into the capillary
Plasma colloid osmotic pressure (25mmHg) Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure 1mmHg
55
What are the outward pressure forces?
1. Capillary pressure (37mmHg) | 2. Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure (0mmHg)
56
Capillary pressure
Pressure from inside pushing out 37mmHg-arteriole end 17mmHg-Venules end
57
Plasma Colloid osmotic pressure?
Pressure pulling in | Constant 25mmHg
58
Interstitial fluid Hydrostatic Pressure
Due to fluid on outside pushing in 1mmHg
59
Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
Due to osmotic proteins. | Pulls fluid out of capillaries (0mmHg)
60
Net inward pressure on Venule end of capillary?
9mmHg
61
Net outward f\pressure on arteriole end of capillary
11mmHg
62
Ultrafiltration
Occurs on arterial end of capillary | 3 L of Fluid leaks out into interstitial fluid the rest is reabsorbed
63
Reabsorption
Venous end of capillary. Reabsorption of fluid that has leaked out
64
Lymphatic system consists of what
Lymph=3L of fluid not reabsorbed by capillary Lymph nodes: filters lymph before being returned into circulation
65
What are Venules?
Very little smooth muscle & Function as conduits (they are just a pass to veins)
66
Veins Function
Function: volume reservoirs or high capacitance vessels 65-75% of blood located here Veins allow to manipulate venous return

Human Physiology PB (9 decks)

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