Test 2: Gender and Gender Roles Flashcards
(50 cards)
Culture
Provides us with an important clue for recognizing whether a person is female or male in most situations = Dress
Dress
In most cultures male and female clothing differ so we can usually identify a person’s agenda; Clothing and other aspects of appearance further exaggerate the physical differences between men and women.
Sex
Refers to whether one is biologically female or male based on genetics/ anatomical sex
Assigned Gender
Gender given by others, usually at birth
Gender Identity
Gender a person believes him or himself to be
Gender Roles
Attitude, Behavior, rights, responsibilities that a culture group associates with each sex
Gender Roles Stereotype
Over simplified/ over generalized belief about how each gender should behave
Cisgender
Used by someone to describe a person whose gender identity matches the biological sex they were assigned at birth
Our culture emphasizes…
Gender Binary (the classification of gender into two distinct, opposite, and disconnected forms of masculine and feminine, whether by social system or cultural belief)
Gender Variant (gender nonconforming)
Those that questions their gender, uncertain, unwilling to state, feel limited by these categories; other terms used is gender atypical behavior, gender dysphoria, gender identity disorder
Assigned Gender
We are assigned a gender based on our anatomical appearance – it tells others how to respond to us
Gender identity begins by age…
2, they are able to identify themselves as boy/girl but don’t usually know why (internalized and identify with our gender)
By age 4/5 children have learned…
many social stereotypes about how boys and girls should behave
Non-Binary
Spectrum of gender identity and expression rejection that gender is an either or aka: agender, gender fluid (some cultures have recognized that sex and gender are not always divided on binary lines)
Masculinity/Femininity across cultures
Each culture determines the content of gender roles in its own way; cultural norms change with time and across culture; biology creates males and females but culture creates concept of masculinity and femininity (change in gender stereotypes/expectations have occurred over decades)
Sexism
Discrimination against people based on their sex rather than merits, often associated with stereotypes
Gender Theory
Society may be understood by how it organized according to gender
Cognitive Social Learning Theory
Explaining our actions behaviorist emphasize observable events and consequences rather than feeling (we learn attitude and behavior by social interactions with others) belief that consequences control behavior
The cognitive process involved in social learning include ability to:
- Use Language, 2. Anticipate Consequence, 3. Make Observation (also learn by modeling from parents, teachers, etc.)
Cognitive Development Theory
Focus on Childs interpretation of the message that they receive from the environment, learn differently depending on age
Social Construction Theory
Views gender as a set of practice and performance that occur through language and political system
Gender role learning in childhood and adolescence
Difficult to analyze between biology and personality
Parents as socializing agent
During infancy & childhood most important source of learning is primary care giver
Children are socialized in gender roles by…
Manipulation, Channeling, Verbal Appellation, Activity Exposure
