Test 2 Gram (-) Bacteria

Question 1

All gram negative bacteria have this endotoxin

Answer 1

Lipid A Endotoxin

Question 2

Enterobacteriaceae include which 3 coliform (lactose + )bacterias?

Answer 2

• E.coli*
• Klebsiella*
• Enterobacter*

Question 3

Vitamin K production is a benefit of this family of residential bacteria

Answer 3

Enterobacteriaceae

Question 4

These species of bacteria are the

most common nosocomial infections/ Health care associated infections in ICU patients and effect the

Blood stream, urinary tract, respiratory tract

Answer 4

• Klebsiella*
• Enterobacter*
• Proteus*

Question 5

The complete antigenic formulation of an organism

Answer 5

Serotype

O: O antigen

H: Flagella

F: Fimbriae

K: Capsule

Question 6

detection of a specific toxic activity, virulence factor or virulence gene

Answer 6

Virotyping

Question 7

How are strains of *E. coli *identified?

Answer 7

Serotyping

Question 8

Capsule

Fimbrial adhesins

Non-fimbrial adhesins

Endotoxins

are all _______ virulence factors

and vary by strain

Answer 8

cell-associated

Question 9

Enterotoxins

Cytotoxins

Siderophores

are all ______ virulence factors

and vary by strain

Answer 9

extracellular

Question 10

the most frequent bacterium isolated from clinical samples in human and veterinary medicine

Answer 10

E.coli

Question 11

What causes Edema Disease in Weaned Piglets?

Answer 11

Shigatoxigenic E. coli

Question 12

What is the mechanism of action of

Shigatoxigenic E. coli

in weaned piglets?

Answer 12

Inhibit protein synthesis by interacting with 60s ribosmes

Question 13

How do you Dx an enteric disease?

Answer 13

With a FECAL sample

Question 14

In E. coli, edema markedly expands the colonic _____ ______,

separating glands.

Even at low magnification, the _____ ______ ______ of colonic epithelium

is prominently basophilic

Answer 14

In E. coli, edema markedly expands the colonic lamina propria,

separating glands.

Even at low magnification, the apical brush border of colonic epithelium

is prominently basophilic

Question 15

Ultrastructurally, _____

attach to the microvillar border with formation of characteristic

“cups and pedestals”

Answer 15

E.coli

Question 16

Which antimicrobials are *E. coli *resistant to?

Answer 16

Penicillin

Trimethoprim

Tetracycline

Aminoglycosides

Fluoroquinolones

Question 17

J5 strains are used in the vaccine for this disease caused by E. coli

Answer 17

Coliform mastitis

Question 18

The most common bacterial isolate from non-human primates with pneumonia is

Answer 18

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 19

This *Klebsiella *related illness is commonly seen in

foals that have failed to acquire passive transfer via colostrum

Answer 19

Naval Ill

Question 20

17-year-old male rhesus macaque the animal presented acutely

with coughing and hemoptysis and was sedated for evaluation.

The animal was in thin body condition with pale mucous membranes.

Lung sounds were judged to be harsh but heart sounds were normal. Radiographs revealed consolidation of the left lung field and aerophagia of the esophagus and stomach.

Within the cranial left thoracic cavity, there was a small amount of thin, serosanguineous fluid.

The left lung lobes were consolidated and diffusely and firmly adhered to the pleural wall.

Inflammatory nodules efface 50% of the lung. Inflammatory exudate fills alveoli and airways within these areas; numerous vessels contain large fibrin clots

Alveoli contain abundant viable and degenerate neutrophils, foamy macrophages, and innumerable intra- and extracellular 2-3 µm bacilli that are separated and surrounded by a clear capsule

What is the disease?

Answer 20

*Klebsiella pneumoniae. *

Question 21

capsular serotypes (K1 and K2) that carry genes MagA (mucoviscosity-associated gene/K1 specific capsular polymerase gene) and

rmpA (regulator of mucoid phenotype)

which make this bacteria more invasive and more resistant to phagocytosis.

Answer 21

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 22

• In humans, HMV infection (a hypomucoviscous variant of Klebsiella pneumoniae)

is unusual in that it infects______ ________and causes

liver abscesses, pneumonia, meningitis, and endophthalmitis.

Answer 22

healthy individuals

Question 23

What is the infectious dose of Shigella?

Answer 23

LOW!

10 -100 organisms only

Question 24

In Shigella

Ability to enter epithelial cells and cause disease is mediated by chromosomal genes and virulence genes

coded on a large ___ ____ (220 kb) and Type 3 Secretion System

Answer 24

Virulence Plasmid

Question 25

This bacteria may cause

**necrohemorrhagic periodontitis/gingivitis **and arthritis

Answer 25

Shigella

Question 26

Possible sequela of infection by *Shigella *

Answer 26

Intussusception

Rectal Prolapse

Question 27

___________________

are complex bacterial structures that provide

gram negative pathogens with a unique virulence mechanism

enabling them to inject bacterial effector proteins

directly into the host cell cytoplasm,

bypassing the extracellular environment

Answer 27

Type III secretion systems (T3SSs)

Question 28

Programmed cell death occurring during Salmonella infection associated with response to pathogen and inflammation

Answer 28

Pyroptosis

Question 29

The most common infectious diarrheal disease in horses is caused by

Answer 29

• Salmonella *
• Tx: Broad-spectrum antibiotics*

Question 30

• young birds: unabsorbed yolk sacs and classic gray nodules in the liver, spleen, lungs, heart, gizzard, and intestine.
• Firm, cheesy material in the ceca (cecal cores) and raised plaques in the mucosa of the lower intestine

Answer 30

• Salmonella pullorum*
• Salmonella gallirum*

Question 31

One of the most common serotypes of Salmonella bacteria reported worldwide.

• SE can be inside perfectly normal-appearing eggs

Eating raw or undercooked eggs = infection

Answer 31

Salmonella serotype Enteritidis (SE)

Question 32

Pathogenesis involves:

• flea proventricular blockage - early intracellular survival in mammals - late extracellular multiplication with antiinflammatory and toxic effects.

Answer 32

Yersinia pestis

Question 33

Cell Wall • Rough phenotype (no O-antigen)

Answer 33

Yersinia pestis

Question 34

Bubonic plague

Answer 34

Yersinia pestis

Question 35

Plasminogen activator

• Coagulase, fibrinolytic and C3 degradative activity at 37C

YMT mouse toxin

Answer 35

Yersinia pestis

Question 36

• Worldwide (cold months) • In birds and rodent associated with: • Mesenteric lymphadenitis • Terminal ileitis • Acute gastroenteritis • Septicemia Occasionally in domestic animals and primates • Cats (adult, rural, outdoor)

Answer 36

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

Question 37

• Infections of intestine, abdominal lymph nodes, liver, spleen and septicemia • Infection may be self-limiting in immunocompetent hosts • Infection of enterocytes causes diarrhea due to chloride and water secretion following activation of signaling pathways similar to Salmonella • Mastitis in cattle • Abortion in Ruminants and monkeys • Characteristic necrotic foci contain many intralesional bacteria

Answer 37

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

Question 38

Mainly in domestic animals and primates • Mesenteric lymphadenitis • Terminal ileitis • Acute gastroenteritis • Septicemia • 34 O-antigen and 20 H-antigen serogroups • 5 byotipes

Answer 38

Yersinia enterocolitica

Question 39

Yst (Yersinia stable toxin) Chromosomally encoded enterotoxin Deregulation of cGMP Similar to the E. coli ST enterotoxin Opens chloride channels with flow of ions and water to the lumen Blockage of sodium and chloride absorption

Answer 39

Y. enterolcoiiticca

Question 40

Enteric red-mouth disease • Systemic bacterial Illness of salmonids • Intensively cultured rainbow trout in warm waters • Hemorrhagic inflammation of organs perioral subcutis • Significant mortalities

Answer 40

Yersinia ruckeri