Test 2 - HEART

Question 1

what is the cuase of ischemic heart disease

Answer 1

atherosclerotic narrowing of the coronary arteries

Question 2

pain in the chest that is precipitated by exertion

Answer 2

stable angina

Question 3

prolonged or recurrent pain in the chest at REST

Answer 3

unstable angina

Question 4

intermitttent chest pain at rest

Answer 4

prinzmetal angina

Question 5

where does an MI most likely occur/affect

Answer 5

L ventricle

Question 6

MI that traverses the entire L ventricular wall from the endocardium to the epicardium

Answer 6

transmural infarction

Question 7

MI that is limited to the interior 1/3 of the wall of the left ventricle

Answer 7

subendocardial infarction

Question 8

when do these enzymes peak in acute MI

CK-MB

Troponin I

LDH

Myoglobin

Answer 8

CK-MB: 24 hours

Troponin 1: 24 hours

LDH - 3 days

Myoglobin - 6 hours

Question 9

multisystem inflammatory disorder with major cardiac manifestations and sequelae, most often affecting children between 5-15yo

caused by streptococci

Answer 9

rheumatic fever

Question 10

RF:

owl eye appearance

focal interstitial myocardial inflammation

aschoff cells

anitschkow myocytes

Answer 10

aschoff body

Question 11

RF:

bread and butter

Answer 11

pericarditis

Question 12

RF:

leads to valvular damage

L side

Answer 12

endocarditis

Question 13

RF:

what valve is most likely affected in rheumatic heart disease

fish mouth buttonhole

Answer 13

mitral valve

diastolic pressure higher in L atrium than L ventricle

Question 14

RF:

noncardiac symptoms

Answer 14

fever, malasia, increased erythrocyte

joint involvment

arthralgia - joint pain

arthritis - join inflammation

CNS involvment - sydenham chorea (muscular movements, bizarre grimaces)

Question 15

bacterial, sometimes fungal, infection of the endocardium

Answer 15

endocarditis

Question 16

50% pts die

caused by pathogens - staph

secondary to infection occuring elsewhere in the body

Answer 16

acute endocarditis

Question 17

caused by less virulent organisms such as strep

tends to occur in pts with congenital heart disease or preexisting valvular heart dz

Answer 17

subacute (bacterial) endocarditis

Question 18

prolapse is the most frequent valvular lesion

common in young women

common in pts with marfan syndrome

Answer 18

mitral valve prolapse

Question 19

valve most commonly with stenosis in RF

Answer 19

mitral valve

Question 20

stenosis often presents as calcified aortic stenosis

male 4:1

Answer 20

aortic valve

Question 21

atrial septal defect

septum primum

septum secundum

sinus venosus

Answer 21

primum - lower part of septum

secundum - fossa ovalis

sinus venosus - upper part of septum

Question 22

most common congital heart disease defect

Answer 22

ventricular septal defects

tetra of fallot

Question 23

most common cyanotic case

pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, dextro aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy

Answer 23

tetralogy of fallot

Question 24

rubella in mother most commonly casues this

failure of closure of fetal ductus arteriosus

Answer 24

patent ductus arteriosus

Question 25

L ventricular hypertrophy distal to the origin of the subclavian arteries male 2:1

Answer 25

coarctation of aorta

Question 26

aorta arises from the R ventricle, and the pulmonary artery arises from the L ventricle 90% die in first year

Answer 26

transposition of great vessels

Question 27

noncyanotic diseases "D's"

Answer 27

patent ductus arteriosus atrial or ventricular septal defect

Question 28

cyanotic diseases

Answer 28

right to left shunt tetralogy of fallot late cyanosis - eisenmenger syndrome

Question 29

unexplained ventricular dysfunction congestive or dilated cardiomyopathy alcoholism or thiamine def.

Answer 29

cardiomyopathy

Question 30

autosomal dominant characteristic lower chamber vol low SV low diastole fill

Answer 30

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 31

infammatory infiltrate of biventricular heart (failure)

Answer 31

myocarditis

Question 32

benign tumor of the blood vessels

Answer 32

hemangioma

Question 33

most frequently occuring cardia tumor and is found most often in adults

Answer 33

myxoma of L atrium

Question 34

most common in infants and young children and is notable for its association with tuberous sclerosis benign

Answer 34

rhabdomyoma

Question 35

most common primary malignancy of the heart

Answer 35

angiosarcoma

Question 36

causes are ischemic heart dz hypertension aortic and mitral valvular dz myocardial dz

Answer 36

L sided heart failure

Question 37

causes L sided heart failure L sided lesions pulmonary hypertension various types of cardiomyopathy and diffuse myocarditis tricuspid or pulmonary valvular dz

Answer 37

R sided heart failure

Question 38

R ventricular hypertrophy pulmonary arterial hypertension is what causes it

Answer 38

cor pulmonale

Question 39

"onion skin" thickening of arterial walls

Answer 39

hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis

Question 40

hyaline thickening of arteriolar walls

Answer 40

hyaline arteriolosclerosis

Question 41

associated with hypertension or diabetes mellitus

Answer 41

arteriolosclerosis

Question 42

rigidity (sclerosis), thickening of blood vessels

Answer 42

arteriosclerosis

Question 43

significant morbidity caused by vascular dz MI ischemic heart dz aneurysm

Answer 43

atherosclerosis

Question 44

localized abnormal dilations of either arteries or veins that can rupture

Answer 44

aneurysms

Question 45

deep veins of LE thrombophlebitis - no symptoms

Answer 45

venous thrombosis

Question 46

dilated and tortous veins increased venous pressure

Answer 46

varicose veins

Question 47

malformation of a larger vessel composed of masses of channels filled with blood ## Footnote **port-wine stain birthmarks**

Answer 47

hemangioma

Question 48

hemangioma: strawberry type closely packed capillary like channels that may occure in the skin, lips, liver, spleen

Answer 48

capillary hemangioma

Question 49

small purplish painful subungual nodule in a finger or toe

Answer 49

glomangioma

Question 50

vacernous lymphangioma occurs most often in neck or axilla associated with turner syndrome

Answer 50

cystic hygroma

Question 51

CD31 marker rare, malignant, vascular tumor occurs in the skin, msk system, breast or liver

Answer 51

angiosarcoma

Question 52

sarcoma: LE of older men of Ashkenazi Jewish or Mediterr. origin african men/children acquired immunodef. syndrome (AIDS)

Answer 52

kaposi sarcoma

Question 53

necrotixing immune complex inflammation of small and medium sized arteries hepatitis B viral infection

Answer 53

polyarteritis nodosa

Question 54

necrotizing vasculitis considered by some to be a variant of PAN pulmonary vasc. marked peripheral eosinophilia asthma

Answer 54

churg - stauss syndrome (allergic granulomatous angiitis)

Question 55

necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis respiratory tract, kidneys

Answer 55

wegener granulomatosis

Question 56

medium to large sized arteries characterized by granuloma formation with giant cells temoral arteritis elderly headache

Answer 56

giant cell arteritides

Question 57

pulseless diease

Answer 57

takayasu arteritis

Question 58

infants and young children acutre necrotizing vasculitis **strawberry tounge**

Answer 58

kawasaki dz

Question 59

acute inflammation of small and medium arteries young men painful ischemic dz cig smoking

Answer 59

thromboangiitis olbeterans (buerger dz)

Question 60

infiltration by atrypical lymphocytoid and plasmacytoid cells

Answer 60

lymphomatoid granulomatosis

Question 61

recurrent vasospasm resultant pallor or cyanosis finger and toes

Answer 61

raynaud dz