Test 2 Information

Question 1

Enuresis

Answer 1

bedwetting

Question 2

Who is enuresis common in?

Answer 2

boys

Question 3

When does enuresis typically stop?

Answer 3

6-8 years old

Question 4

Diagnostic Criteria for enuresis

Answer 4

child has developmental age over 5 years and occurs 2x times for week for more than 3 months

Question 5

Causes of enuresis

Answer 5

Physical - UTI, impaired kidney function, chronic renal failure, neurological defiits, diabetes, sickle cell disease

Emotional - can manifest as voluntary or involuntary bedwetting most often caused by the child experiencing lots of stress

Question 6

What is a typical bladder capacity of a child?

Answer 6

300-350mL

Question 7

treatment for enuresis

Answer 7

bladder training
fluid restriction in the evenings
wake up overnight to void
drugs - imipramine, oxybutynin, desmopressin

Question 8

How to calculate bladder capacity of a child

Answer 8

Child’s age in years + 2 = bladder capacity in OZ (x30 to get mL)

Question 9

At what capacity do you stop when calculating bladder capacity?

Answer 9

450mL

Question 10

Health problems related to Sports

Answer 10

Stress Fractures and Overuse syndrome

Question 11

Stress fractures

Answer 11

caused by repetitive pounding or excessive force

Question 12

Symptom of stress fracture

Answer 12

sharp, persistent, deep, dull, ache

Question 13

diagnosis of stress fracture

Answer 13

clinical observation or bone scan

Question 14

overuse syndrome

Answer 14

repetitive microtrauma to muscles/tendons

Question 15

symptoms of overuse syndrome

Answer 15

complaints of pain, tenderness, swelling, disability

Question 16

examples of overuse syndrome

Answer 16

tennis elbow and shin splints

Question 17

management of stress fractures and overuse syndromes

Answer 17

rest to alleviate repetitve stress that initiated the symptoms

physical therapy, ice packs, cold whirlpools, NSAIDs

Question 18

ADHD

Answer 18

attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder

inability to control behaviors

Question 19

hallmarks of ADHD

Answer 19

inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity

Question 20

pathophysiology of ADHD

Answer 20

insufficient amounts of dopamine and/or norepinepherine

Question 21

Interventions for a child with ADHD

Answer 21

close supervision, provide support, minimize distraction, set limits, praise child when they follow directions, behavioral plan, medications

Question 22

diagnostic criteria for ADHD

Answer 22

child has to be older than 4 years old

symptoms also have to be present in more than one scenario

Question 23

ADHD medication

Answer 23

Methylphenidate

Question 24

mechanism of action of methylphenidate

Answer 24

nervous system stimulants and release dopamine

Question 25

when does methylphenidate work

Answer 25

works right away

Question 26

when should you take methylphenidate

Answer 26

with breatkfast

Question 27

when should you NOT take methylphenidate

Answer 27

after 2 or 3pm as it will prevent sleeping

Question 28

What are "vacation days" for methylphenidate

Answer 28

don't take it on the weekends and or days that you do not need it

Question 29

Turner syndrome

Answer 29

absence of only one of the X chromosomes

Question 30

who does turner syndrome occur in?

Answer 30

females only

Question 31

manifestations of turner syndrome

Answer 31

sterile, amenorrhea short stature no secondary sex characteristics webbed neck, shield shaped chest, widely spaced nipples, low posterior hairline

Question 32

what causes the manifestations of turner syndrome?

Answer 32

little estrogen

Question 33

when is turner syndrome diagnosed

Answer 33

not diagnosed until significant puberty delay absence of menstruation

Question 34

what percentage of individuals with turner syndrome have an intellectual disability

Answer 34

10%

Question 35

what is the treatment for estrogen

Answer 35

estrogen therapy to give her her secondary sex characteristics

Question 36

prognosis for turner syndrome

Answer 36

not life-threatening, life xpectancy is relatively normal

Question 37

Kleinfelter syndrome

Answer 37

presence of one or more additiona x chromosomes

Question 38

who does kleinfelter syndrome occur in

Answer 38

males ONLY

Question 39

manifestations of kleinfelter syndrome

Answer 39

defective development of secondary sex characteristics such as less body hair, small testicles, broad hips, and gynecomastia, azoospermia; infertility

Question 40

When is kleinfelter typically diagnosed?

Answer 40

no diagnosed until significantly delayed puberyt or even infertility

Question 41

cognitive impairment issues with kleinfelter syndrome

Answer 41

cognitive impairment of varying degrees, behavioral problems, possibly gross motor difficulties

Question 42

treatment for kleinfelter syndrome

Answer 42

testosterone therapy

Question 43

prognosis for kleinfelter syndrome

Answer 43

normal life expectancy

Question 44

School Phobia

Answer 44

extreme reluctance to attend school for a sustained period as a result of severe anxiety or fear of school-reated experiences

Question 45

symptoms of school phobia

Answer 45

headache, stomach ache, states "not-feeling well"

Question 46

when do symptoms subside for school phobia

Answer 46

subside after staying home or on weekends or holidays when the child is not at school

Question 47

Temporary depression

Answer 47

acute depression precipitated by a traumatic eventc

Question 48

chronic depression

Answer 48

may accompany chronic illness or disability and or caused by familial circumstances

Question 49

commonly abused drugs

Answer 49

alcohol, narcotics, marijuana, inhalants, cigarettesin

Question 50

injury prevention in school age kids and adolescents

Answer 50

seatbelt while driving, no texting and driving, no drinking and driving, safe sex education, harmful effects of drugs, reckless behavior, not invincible

Question 51

school age

Answer 51

6 to 12 years old

Question 52

when does school age years begin physiologically?

Answer 52

with the losing of the first tooth

Question 53

when does school age years end phsyiologically?

Answer 53

ends at puberty with acquisition of final permanent teeth

Question 54

how much does height increase in school age children in a year?

Answer 54

2 inches

Question 55

how much does weight increase in school age children in a year

Answer 55

4.5-6.5lbs per year

Question 56

when do females have their growth spurt?

Answer 56

ages 5-8 years old

Question 57

prepubescence

Answer 57

primary and secondary sex characteristics start to develop to prepare for puberty

Question 58

puberty

Answer 58

full maturation of the primary sex characteristics

Question 59

when does prepubescence begin?

Answer 59

2 years before puberty

Question 60

when does a girls prepubescence occur in relation to boys

Answer 60

girls occurs 2 years prior to boys

Question 61

what happens when puberty hits for both girls and boys?

Answer 61

girls - menarche boys - sperm production

Question 62

average age of puberty in girls

Answer 62

10-12

Question 63

average age of puberty in boys

Answer 63

12-14

Question 64

psychosocial stage for a school age child

Answer 64

industry vs. inferiority

Question 65

characteristics of the stage of industry vs. inferiority

Answer 65

"stage of accomplishment", motivated to complete tasks, growing sense of independence, desire to contribute meaningful work

Question 66

task to complete during the industry vs. inferiority stage

Answer 66

acquire a sense of personal and interpersonal competence

Question 67

what is a strong motivator for school age children

Answer 67

peer approval

Question 68

what may cause a child to feel inferior?

Answer 68

they are not the best at everything and they may be consistently not meeting achievements

Question 69

what to do when a child is consistently not meeting achievements

Answer 69

give them more time or make some adaptations to the task

Question 70

Cognitive stage for school age children

Answer 70

concrete operations (7-11 years old)

Question 71

criteria for concrete operational stage of cognitive stage for school age children

Answer 71

mastering concept of "conservation", use thought processes to experience events and actions, develop and understanding of relationships between things and ideas and understand time, able to make judgements based on reason

Question 72

ego mastery

Answer 72

ego mediates between the selfish desires of the Id and the moral expectations of the superego

Question 73

Cranial nerve 1

Answer 73

olfactory nerve