Test 2: Intro to immunology Flashcards
What are the 2 types of immune system?
adaptive and innate immunity
What is the protective response for immune system?
defense against microbes and tumors
What happens if immune system goes out of control?
can cause autoimmune (type 1 diabetes) or inflammatory diseases, also cause hypersensitivities and allergies
T/F: immune system also can react to self
True!
Immune can react to substance, infection or non-infection, foreign or self
What is the substance that induces a specific adaptive immune response (T and B cells)?
Antigen
- can be proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, polysaccharides, and metals only in adaptive immune response
What is the difference between primary and secondary immune response?
primary: first antigen encounter
secondary: second encounter with same antigen (usually respond quicker and differently because more antibodies are ready)
T/F: Immune system is controlled randomly.
False!
It is a very controlled and coordinated action of cells and molecules
T/F: Immune system can respond to tissue grafts
True!
Immune response can give barriers to transplant and gene therapy
What are characteristics of innate immunity?
immediate, non-antigen specific response, no memory, no activation necessary
(fast and dumb)
T/F: Innate immunity isn’t always present
False!
Innate immunity is always present to block microbe entry
What are characteristics of adaptive immunity?
require specific antigen recognition, expansion, activation, and involve long lasting memory
Which is immediate and which is delayed: innate vs adaptive?
innate= immediate
adaptive= delayed
What does the adaptive immune system require involving lymphocytes?
adaptive immunity requires expansion/differentiation of lymphocytes
In adaptive immunity, what is humoral immunity mediated by?
antibodies; extracellular microbe
(B lymphocyte is the responder)
goal: block infections and eliminate extracellular microbes
In adaptive immunity, what is cell-mediated immunity?
T-lymphocytes– intracellular microbes
goal: eliminate phagocytosed microbes (helper T cells) and kill infected cells and eliminate reservoirs of infection (cytotoxic T cells)
In adaptive immunity, where do they recognize microbial antigens?
on microbes or host cell surface
In memory response, how long does the primary and secondary response take to arise?
primary: 1-3 weeks
(the antibodies die but some remain to become memory B cells to allow for a faster response the next exposure)
secondary: 2-7 days
Where do B and T cells mature?
B=bone marrow
T=thymus
What are the stages for B/T cell maturation?
antigen recognition-proliferation-differentiation-memory lymphocyte
What is the life span of naive T/B cells?
weeks-months but will die if no antigen
What is the life span of effector T/B cells?
short lived and die when antigen is eliminated
What is the life span of memory T/B cells?
for long period of time (years)
What does the organization of secondary lymphoid organs enable?
antigen present cells to concentrate antigens, lymphocytes to locate and respond to antigens, and cells to interact with each other
What does lymph draining into lymph nodes allow?
concentrate antigens, allow sampling of antigens by antigen presenting cells at the site
