Test 2 Lecture 1 Pericardium

Question 1

What is the Pericardium

Answer 1

Fibrous Sac surrounding the heart and roots of great vessels

Question 2

Where does pericardium fuse inferiorly and superiorly

Answer 2

Superiorly: Adventitia of Superior vena cava, ascending aorta and pulmonary arteries
Inferior: Central Tendon of Diaphragm

Question 3

What attaches the paracardium to the sternum

Answer 3

Attached superiorly by two sternocardial ligaments

Question 4

How is neck connected to the pericardum

Answer 4

Pretrachial fascia in the neck descends to fuse with anterior surface of the pericardium

Question 5

How is posterior pericardium attached

Answer 5

Membranous connective tissue attaches the pericardium to tracheal bifurcation and main bronchi

Question 6

What overlaps the pericardium

Answer 6

Two pleural sacs and the lungs

Question 7

What drapes over the peracardium laterally

Answer 7

Mediastinal Plura

Question 8

What is sandwiched between Pleura and Pericardium

Answer 8

Phrenic Nerve, Pericadiophrenic artery and Vein

Question 9

What does Pericardium contact posteriorly

Answer 9

Esophagus, descending aorta and Main Bronchi

Question 10

What migrates medially during pericardium development

Answer 10

Pleruopericardial Folds migrate medially and bring phrenic nerves with them

Question 11

What is the Pericardium

Answer 11

Fibrous Sac surrounding the heart and roots of great vessels

Question 12

What happens as pleuropericardial folds migrate medially

Answer 12

The roots of each pleuropericardial fold migrates Ventrally

Question 13

What happens at end of 5th week

Answer 13

The pleuropericardial folds fuse partitioning the thoracic cavity into pericardial cavity and pleural cavity

Question 14

When do pleuropericardial folds start migrating

Answer 14

Begininning of 5th week

Question 15

What makes up the outer layer of pericardium

Answer 15

Dense connective tissue called fibrous pericardium

Question 16

What is on the inner part of pericardium

Answer 16

Inner serous part includes the parietal and Visceral Layer

Question 17

What is the serous part of pericardium

Answer 17

Enclosed sac inbetween parietal and Visceral layer called the pericardial cavity

Question 18

What is the function of firbous pericadium

Answer 18

it is inelastic and functions to retain heart in position and limit distension

Question 19

What does the parietal layer of heart adhere to

Answer 19

Pericardium

Question 20

What is the Visceral layer of heart called and what is it called

Answer 20

Binds loosely to the heart and is also called epicardium

Question 21

What is located under epicardium

Answer 21

Loose connective tissue containing fat and blood vessels

Question 22

What is the heart completely invested in ?

Answer 22

Epicardium

Question 23

What is special about the posterior irregular area of the heart

Answer 23

Instead of being invested in epicardium the irregular area between vena cava and pulmonary veins myocardium contacts fibrous pericardium

Question 24

During the third week of development heart is forme from cells that form a horseshoe shaped region called

Answer 24

Cardiogenic Region

Question 25

Endocardial Tubes

Answer 25

By day 19 these tubes form and they fuse together to form single primitive heart tube

Question 26

This forms most of the right ventricle and parts of overflow tracts for aorta and pulmonary trunk

Answer 26

Bulbis Cordis

Question 27

Forms most of the left ventricle

Answer 27

Primitive Ventricle

Question 28

Forms anterior parts of right and left atria

Answer 28

Primitive atrium

Question 29

Right and Left Horn, forms the superior vena cava and part of right atrium

Answer 29

Sinus Venosus

Question 30

When does heart begin to beat

Answer 30

Day 22

Question 31

What forms transverse pericardial sinus

Answer 31

Primitive atrial and venous ends are brought together

Question 32

What forms oblique pericardial sinus

Answer 32

Veins expand and pericardial reflection is carried out around them

Question 33

What constitues the blood supply to the pericardium

Answer 33

pericardiophrenic arteries, musculophrenic arteries, branches of thoracic aorta (bronchial, esophageal and superior phrenic) and coronary arteries (Visceral layer only)

Question 34

What constitues venous drainage for the pericardium

Answer 34

pericardiophrenic vein, internal thoracic vein and branches of azygous system

Question 35

what provides somatic sensory innervation to fibrous and parietal layers of paricardium

Answer 35

Phrenic Nerves

Question 36

What provides visceral sensory to epicardium

Answer 36

Cardiac Plexuses

Question 37

Does Epicardium feel pain?

Answer 37

No, it is insensitive to pain

Question 38

What is the mediastinum

Answer 38

Portion of thoracic cavity between the lungs

Question 39

What four regions can the mediastinum be divided into

Answer 39

Anterior mediastinum, Posterior Mediastinum, Middle mediastinum, Superior Mediastinum